儿童安全座椅与安全带对2至3岁儿童的有效性比较
Effectiveness of child safety seats vs safety belts for children aged 2 to 3 years.
作者信息
Zaloshnja Eduard, Miller Ted R, Hendrie Delia
机构信息
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11710 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705, USA.
出版信息
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Jan;161(1):65-8. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.161.1.65.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effectiveness of child safety seats and lap-shoulder belts in rear passenger vehicle seats for 2- to 3-year-old crash survivors.
DESIGN
Cohort study.
SETTING
The January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2004, US data on a nationally representative sample of crashes that resulted in at least 1 vehicle being towed away.
PARTICIPANTS
Toddlers who were sitting in rear vehicle seats and using lap-shoulder belts or child seats when involved in highway crashes.
INTERVENTION
Child safety seat vs safety belt.
OUTCOME MEASURE
Presence of any injury after a crash.
RESULTS
The adjusted odds of injury were 81.8% lower (95% confidence interval, 58.3%-92.1% lower) for toddlers in child seats than belted toddlers.
CONCLUSIONS
Child safety seats seem to be more effective rear seat restraints than lap-shoulder safety belts for children aged 2 to 3 years. Laws requiring that children younger than 4 years travel in child safety seats have a sound basis and should remain in force.
目的
比较儿童安全座椅和成人安全带在2至3岁车祸幸存儿童后排乘车座位上的有效性。
设计
队列研究。
背景
1998年1月1日至2004年12月31日期间，美国全国代表性车祸样本数据，这些车祸导致至少有一辆车被拖走。
参与者
在高速公路车祸中坐在后排座位且使用成人安全带或儿童安全座椅的幼儿。
干预措施
儿童安全座椅与安全带。
观察指标
车祸后是否有任何损伤。
结果
与使用安全带的幼儿相比，使用儿童安全座椅的幼儿受伤调整后的几率降低了81.8%（95%置信区间，降低58.3%-92.1%）。
结论
对于2至3岁儿童而言，儿童安全座椅似乎是比成人安全带更有效的后排座位约束装置。要求4岁以下儿童乘坐儿童安全座椅的法律有充分依据，应继续有效。
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