Caggiati A
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Ital J Anat Embryol. 2005;110(2 Suppl 1):97-102.
The veins of the lower limb are commonly divided in deep and superficial ones according to their position with respect to the Muscular Fascia (MF). Anatomical textbooks affirm that all superficial veins are thin walled vessels that run in a yielding layer of fat. Accordingly, no differences between saphenous Veins (SVs) and their tributaries (TVs) are reported by physiologists and pathophysiologists. On the contrary, the SVs do not correspond to the classic anatomic, physiologic and clinical descriptions of the "superficial" veins. In fact, the SVs: 1) are not superficial because they course between the SF and the MF; 2) they are not thin vessels, being their wall thick and rich in muscular cells; 3) they actively contribute to the complex mechanisms of venous return from the lower limbs; and finally, 4) they are quite resistant to hypertension and usually afflicted with limited varicose changes. As a consequence, the SVs should not be longer considered "real" superficial veins and the venous bed of the lower limb would be better represented by a three-layered model.
下肢静脉通常根据其相对于肌筋膜（MF）的位置分为深静脉和浅静脉。解剖学教科书指出，所有浅静脉都是薄壁血管，走行于一层疏松的脂肪组织中。因此，生理学家和病理生理学家并未报告大隐静脉（SVs）与其属支（TVs）之间存在差异。相反，大隐静脉并不符合“浅静脉”的经典解剖学、生理学和临床描述。事实上，大隐静脉：1）并不表浅，因为它们走行于皮下筋膜（SF）和肌筋膜之间；2）它们并非薄壁血管，其管壁较厚且富含肌细胞；3）它们积极参与下肢静脉回流的复杂机制；最后，4）它们对高血压具有相当的抵抗力，且通常仅有有限的静脉曲张变化。因此，大隐静脉不应再被视为“真正的”浅静脉，下肢静脉床用三层模型来表示会更好。
