Black Carl M
Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014 Jun;17(2):68-73. doi: 10.1053/j.tvir.2014.02.002.
A thorough understanding of venous anatomy and physiology is foundational to the diagnosis and management of venous disease. Compared with the arterial system, there is significantly greater developmental variation in the venous system. The veins of the lower extremity include the superficial and deep veins, which are defined by their respective relationships to the muscular fascia. Perforating veins traverse the muscular fascia to connect superficial and deep veins. Communicating veins connect veins within the same venous compartment, either deep to deep or superficial to superficial. The deep veins of the lower extremities primarily drain muscles and are encompassed by muscular fascia. The veins located between the skin and the muscular fascia are considered superficial veins. Superficial veins drain the cutaneous microcirculation. The pelvic venous system is a complex transitional outflow pathway between the lower extremities, the pelvic structures, and the inferior vena cava. The terminology used to describe lower-extremity, pelvic, and abdominal vasculature conforms to published international standards.
全面了解静脉解剖学和生理学是静脉疾病诊断和管理的基础。与动脉系统相比，静脉系统的发育变异明显更大。下肢静脉包括浅静脉和深静脉，它们根据各自与肌筋膜的关系来定义。穿静脉穿过肌筋膜连接浅静脉和深静脉。交通静脉连接同一静脉腔隙内的静脉，即深静脉与深静脉之间或浅静脉与浅静脉之间。下肢深静脉主要引流肌肉，并被肌筋膜所包绕。位于皮肤和肌筋膜之间的静脉被视为浅静脉。浅静脉引流皮肤微循环。盆腔静脉系统是下肢、盆腔结构和下腔静脉之间复杂的过渡性流出途径。用于描述下肢、盆腔和腹部血管系统的术语符合已发布的国际标准。
