Banisadr Ghazal, Rostène William, Kitabgi Patrick, Parsadaniantz Stéphane Mélik
INSERM U 732-UPMC, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France.
Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 2005 Jun;4(3):387-99. doi: 10.2174/1568010054022097.
Chemokines are small secreted proteins that chemoattract and activate immune and non-immune cells both in vivo and in vitro. Besides their well-established role in the immune system, several recent reports have suggested that chemokines and their receptors may also play a role in the central nervous system (CNS). The best-known central action is their ability to act as immuno-inflammatory mediators. Indeed, these proteins regulate the leukocyte infiltration in the brain during inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, recent studies clearly demonstrate that chemokines and their receptors are constitutively expressed by glial and neuronal cells in the CNS, where they are involved in intercellular communication. The goal of this review is to summarize recent information concerning the role of chemokines in brain functions. The first part will focus on the expression of chemokines and their receptors in the CNS with the main spotlight on the neuronal expression. In the second part, we will discuss the role of chemokines and their receptors in normal brain physiology. Because several chemokines are involved in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, the role of chemokines and their receptors in these diseases is reviewed further in this section. In conclusion, the implication of chemokines in cellular communication could allow: i) to identify a new pathway for neuron-neuron and/or glia-glia and/or neuron-glia communications that are relevant to both normal brain function and neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases; ii) to develop new therapeutic approaches for still untreatable diseases further.
趋化因子是一类分泌型小蛋白，在体内和体外均能趋化并激活免疫细胞和非免疫细胞。除了在免疫系统中已明确的作用外，最近的一些报道表明，趋化因子及其受体可能在中枢神经系统（CNS）中也发挥作用。最广为人知的中枢作用是它们作为免疫炎症介质的能力。实际上，这些蛋白在炎症和感染性疾病期间调节白细胞向脑内的浸润。然而，最近的研究清楚地表明，趋化因子及其受体在中枢神经系统的神经胶质细胞和神经元细胞中组成性表达，它们在这些细胞间通讯中发挥作用。本综述的目的是总结关于趋化因子在脑功能中作用的最新信息。第一部分将聚焦于趋化因子及其受体在中枢神经系统中的表达，主要关注神经元表达。在第二部分，我们将讨论趋化因子及其受体在正常脑生理学中的作用。由于几种趋化因子参与神经炎症和神经退行性疾病，因此在本节中将进一步综述趋化因子及其受体在这些疾病中的作用。总之，趋化因子在细胞通讯中的作用可能有助于：i）识别与正常脑功能以及神经炎症和神经退行性疾病相关的神经元-神经元和/或神经胶质细胞-神经胶质细胞和/或神经元-神经胶质细胞通讯的新途径；ii）进一步开发针对仍无法治疗疾病的新治疗方法。
