Mennicken F, Maki R, de Souza E B, Quirion R
Douglas Hospital Research Center, Verdun, Québec, Canada.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1999 Feb;20(2):73-8. doi: 10.1016/s0165-6147(99)01308-5.
Chemokines constitute a growing family of structurally and functionally related small (8-10 kDa) proteins associated with inflammatory-cell recruitment in host defence. In addition to their well-established role in the immune system, recent data suggest their involvement in the maintenance of CNS homeostasis, in neuronal patterning during ontogeny and as potential mediators of neuroinflammation, playing an essential role in leukocyte infiltration into the brain. Chemokines and their G protein-coupled receptors are constitutively expressed at low-to-negligible levels in various cell types in the brain. Their expression is rapidly induced by various neuroinflammatory stimuli, implicating them in various neurological disorders such as trauma, stroke and Alzheimer's disease, in tumour induction and in neuroimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Here, F. Mennicken, R. Maki, E. B. De Souza and R. Quirion briefly summarize recent exciting findings in the field.
趋化因子构成了一个结构和功能相关的小蛋白（8-10 kDa）家族，且其数量不断增加，这些蛋白与宿主防御中炎症细胞的募集有关。除了在免疫系统中已确立的作用外，最近的数据表明它们参与中枢神经系统稳态的维持、个体发育过程中的神经元模式形成以及作为神经炎症的潜在介质，在白细胞浸润到大脑中发挥重要作用。趋化因子及其G蛋白偶联受体在大脑中的各种细胞类型中以低至可忽略不计的水平组成性表达。它们的表达可被各种神经炎症刺激迅速诱导，这表明它们参与了各种神经系统疾病，如创伤、中风和阿尔茨海默病，以及肿瘤诱导和神经免疫疾病，如多发性硬化症或获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）。在此，F. 门尼肯、R. 真木、E. B. 德索萨和R. 基里翁简要总结了该领域最近令人兴奋的发现。
