Bills Corey B, Grabowski Jurek George, Li Guohua
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St., Ste. 6-100, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Aug;76(8):715-9.
Suicide is the 11 th leading cause of death in the United States. The objective of this study is to document the characteristics of aviation-related suicides and suicide attempts.
Aviation accidents reported by the National Transportation Safety Board between 1983 and 2003 were screened for cases in which suicide was listed as a probable cause. For each suicide case, two accidents were randomly selected as controls, matched on sex of pilot, type of flight, state, and year of occurrence. Mantel-Haenszel summary Chi-square tests were used to compare cases to controls. Conditional logistic regression modeling was performed to assess the association of pilot and flight characteristics with suicide-related crashes.
During the 21-yr study period, 37 pilots committed or attempted suicide by aircraft, with 36 resulting in at least one fatality. All the cases were men and involved general aviation flights. Toxicological test results revealed that 24% of the cases had used alcohol and 14% had used other illicit drugs. Underlying factors included domestic and social problems (46%), legal trouble (40%), and pre-existing psychiatric conditions (38%). Compared with controls, suicide cases involved younger pilots (p < 0.05), were less likely to have another occupant (p < 0.0001), were more destructive to the aircraft (p < 0.0001), and were more likely to have occurred away from the airport (p < 0.0001).
Aviation crashes caused by suicide differ from unintentional aviation accidents in pilot characteristics, crash circumstances, and outcomes.
自杀是美国第11大死因。本研究的目的是记录与航空相关的自杀及自杀未遂事件的特征。
对美国国家运输安全委员会报告的1983年至2003年期间的航空事故进行筛查，找出将自杀列为可能原因的案例。对于每起自杀案例，随机选择两起事故作为对照，对照在飞行员性别、飞行类型、州和事故年份方面进行匹配。采用Mantel-Haenszel汇总卡方检验对案例与对照进行比较。进行条件逻辑回归建模，以评估飞行员和飞行特征与自杀相关坠机事件之间的关联。
在为期21年的研究期间，37名飞行员通过飞机实施自杀或自杀未遂，其中36起导致至少一人死亡。所有案例均为男性，且涉及通用航空飞行。毒理学检测结果显示，24%的案例使用了酒精，14%的案例使用了其他非法药物。潜在因素包括家庭和社会问题（46%）、法律问题（40%）以及既往精神疾病（38%）。与对照组相比，自杀案例涉及更年轻的飞行员（p < 0.05），搭载其他乘客的可能性更小（p < 0.0001），对飞机的破坏性更大（p < 0.0001），且更有可能发生在远离机场的地方（p < 0.0001）。
由自杀导致的航空坠机事件在飞行员特征、坠机情况和结果方面与非故意航空事故不同。
