Wan Michael T, Kuo Jen-Ni, Buday Craig, Schroeder Grant, Van Aggelen Graham, Pasternak John
Environment Canada, Environmental Protection Branch, Commercial Chemicals Division, Pacific and Yukon Region, 401 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3S5, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2005 May;24(5):1146-54. doi: 10.1897/04-300r1.1.
The static acute toxicities of alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, (alpha + beta)-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate (their transformation product), and formulated materials were determined for a representative freshwater amphipod (Hyalella azteca), cladoceran (Daphnia magna), and salmonid fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Acute lethality tests also were conducted on these organisms and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by exposing them to simulated field water endosulfan concentrations, using either a single compound and/or in combinations. As well, growth/survival bioassays of H. azteca were carried out in simulated sediment endosulfan concentrations that were detected in farm ditches contiguous to fish streams in the Lower Fraser Valley (BC, Canada). All materials tested were very highly toxic to these nontarget aquatic indicator organisms. As the most potent compound, alpha-endosulfan is about 1.3, 6.6, and 58 times more toxic than the beta-isomer to Daphnia, rainbow trout, and Hyalella, respectively. Some possible biological and toxicological implications of our findings are discussed in the context of endosulfan concentrations found in farm ditches flowing to fish streams in the Lower Fraser Valley.
测定了α-硫丹、β-硫丹、（α+β）-硫丹、硫丹硫酸盐（其转化产物）及制剂对代表性淡水双足类动物（阿氏透明摇蚊）、枝角类动物（大型溞）和鲑科鱼类（虹鳟）的静态急性毒性。还通过将这些生物和银大麻哈鱼暴露于模拟田间水体中的硫丹浓度（使用单一化合物和/或组合），对它们进行了急性致死性试验。此外，在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省弗雷泽河谷下游与溪流相邻的农田沟渠中检测到的模拟沉积物硫丹浓度下，对阿氏透明摇蚊进行了生长/存活生物测定。所有测试物质对这些非靶标水生指示生物都具有极高的毒性。作为毒性最强的化合物，α-硫丹对大型溞、虹鳟和阿氏透明摇蚊的毒性分别比β-异构体高约1.3倍、6.6倍和58倍。我们根据弗雷泽河谷下游流入溪流的农田沟渠中发现的硫丹浓度，讨论了研究结果的一些可能的生物学和毒理学意义。
