Angelini David R, Kaufman Thomas C
Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405-7005, USA.
Dev Biol. 2005 Oct 1;286(1):57-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.07.006.
It is arguable that the evolutionary and ecological success of insects is due in large part to the versatility of their articulated appendages. Recent advances in our understanding of appendage development in Drosophila melanogaster, as well as functional and expression studies in other insect species have begun to frame the general themes of appendage development in the insects. Here, we review current studies that provide for a comparison of limb developmental mechanisms acting at five levels: (1) the specification of ventral appendage primordia; (2) specification of the limb axes; (3) regulation and interactions of genes expressed in specific domains of the proximal-distal axis, such as Distal-less; (4) the specification of appendage identity; and (5) genetic regulation of appendage allometry.
可以说，昆虫在进化和生态上的成功很大程度上归功于其有关节附肢的多功能性。我们对黑腹果蝇附肢发育的理解取得了新进展，同时对其他昆虫物种的功能和表达研究也开始勾勒出昆虫附肢发育的总体主题。在此，我们回顾当前的研究，这些研究对作用于五个层面的肢体发育机制进行了比较：（1）腹侧附肢原基的特化；（2）肢体轴的特化；（3）在近端 - 远端轴特定区域表达的基因（如Distal-less）的调控与相互作用；（4）附肢身份的特化；以及（5）附肢异速生长的遗传调控。
