Michel Rémy, Garnotel Eric, Spiegel André, Morillon Marc, Saliou Pierre, Boutin Jean-Paul
Départment d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France.
Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20(7):635-42. doi: 10.1007/s10654-005-7454-6.
In 2001, an outbreak of typhoid fever occurred among the members of the French Armed Forces. All had received a typhoid vaccination as per the immunization schedule practiced in the Armed Forces (every 5 years). A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 94 personnel. The objectives were to confirm the diagnosis, determine the source of contamination and identify the factors associated with defective vaccinal efficacy. Twenty-four cases were clinically identified. A cucumber salad was identified as the contaminating dish (Risk Ratio = 3.6; 95%CI 1.5-8.9). Only one factor was related to defective vaccinal efficacy; the risk of typhoid fever was two-fold higher in people vaccinated more than 3 years previously (Risk Ratio = 2.2; 95%CI, 1.1-4.2). Compliance with food hygiene rules could have prevented 24 cases of typhoid fever. Nevertheless, repeat vaccination against typhoid fever is now conducted every 3 years in the French Forces, in compliance with the manufacturers' recommendations.
2001年，法国武装部队成员中爆发了伤寒热。所有人都按照武装部队实施的免疫计划（每5年一次）接种了伤寒疫苗。对94名人员进行了一项回顾性队列研究。目的是确诊、确定污染源并识别与疫苗效力不佳相关的因素。临床确诊了24例病例。一份黄瓜沙拉被确定为污染食物（风险比=3.6；95%置信区间1.5-8.9）。只有一个因素与疫苗效力不佳有关；接种疫苗超过3年的人患伤寒热的风险高出两倍（风险比=2.2；95%置信区间，1.1-4.2）。遵守食品卫生规则本可预防24例伤寒热病例。尽管如此，按照制造商的建议，法国军队现在每3年进行一次伤寒热重复接种。
