Sharon Rakefet, Soroker Victoria, Wesley S Daniel, Zahavi Tirtza, Harari Ally, Weintraub Phyllis G
Northern Research and Development, Kiryat Sh 'mona, Israel.
J Chem Ecol. 2005 May;31(5):1051-63. doi: 10.1007/s10886-005-4247-z.
Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret (Homoptera: Cixiidae) is a polyphagous planthopper that transmits stolbur phytoplasma (a causative agent of "yellows" disease) to various weeds, members of the Solanaceae, and wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) in Europe and the Middle East. Planthoppers were collected by hand vacuuming eight native plant species. Vitex agnus-castus L., a shrub in the Verbenaceae, hosted the largest number of H. obsoletus, although Olea europaea L. also served as a host for adults. Using a Y-olfactometer, we compared the planthoppers relative preference for V. agnus-castus, Convolvulus arvensis, and V. vinifera. V. agnus-castus was more attractive to both male and female H. obsoletus than the other plants. H. obsoletus antennal response was stronger to volatiles collected from V. agnuscastus than from Cabernet Sauvignon variety of V. vinifera. To determine if V. agnus-castus would serve as a reservoir for the pathogen, H. obsoletus were collected from leaf and stem samples of native V. agnus-castus, and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of phytoplasma DNA. While 14% and 25% (2003 and 2004, respectively) of the insects tested positive for phytoplasma DNA, none of the plant samples tested positive. To determine if V. agnus-castus could serve as a host plant for the development of the planthopper, we placed emergence cages beneath field shrubs and enclosed wild-caught H. obsoletus in a cage with a potted young shrub. We found adult H. obsoletus in the emergence cases and planthopper nymphs in the soil of the potted plant. We concluded that V. agnus-castus is attractive to H. obsoletus, which seems to be refractory to phytoplasma infections and warrants further testing as a trap plant near vineyards.
过时角蜡蝉（Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret，同翅目：蜡蝉科）是一种多食性飞虱，在欧洲和中东地区，它会将 stolbur 植原体（一种“黄化”病的病原体）传播给各种杂草、茄科植物以及酿酒葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）。通过用手动真空吸尘器采集八种本地植物上的飞虱。马鞭草科的一种灌木——贞节树（Vitex agnus-castus L.）上的过时角蜡蝉数量最多，不过油橄榄（Olea europaea L.）也是成虫的寄主。我们使用 Y 型嗅觉仪，比较了飞虱对贞节树、田旋花（Convolvulus arvensis）和酿酒葡萄的相对偏好。与其他植物相比，贞节树对雌雄过时角蜡蝉都更具吸引力。过时角蜡蝉触角对从贞节树收集的挥发物的反应比对赤霞珠品种酿酒葡萄收集的挥发物的反应更强。为了确定贞节树是否会成为病原体的宿主，从本地贞节树的叶片和茎干样本中采集过时角蜡蝉，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测植原体 DNA 的存在。虽然分别有 14%和 25%（分别在 2003 年和 2004 年）的昆虫检测出植原体 DNA 呈阳性，但没有一个植物样本检测呈阳性。为了确定贞节树是否能作为飞虱发育的寄主植物，我们在田间灌木下方放置羽化笼，并将野外捕获的过时角蜡蝉关在一个装有盆栽幼龄灌木的笼子里。我们在羽化箱中发现了成年过时角蜡蝉，在盆栽植物的土壤中发现了飞虱若虫。我们得出结论，贞节树对过时角蜡蝉有吸引力，而过时角蜡蝉似乎对植原体感染具有抗性，作为葡萄园附近的诱捕植物值得进一步测试。
