Jumean Zaid, Gries Regine, Unruh Tom, Rowland Eloise, Gries Gerhard
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A IS6, Canada.
J Chem Ecol. 2005 Apr;31(4):911-24. doi: 10.1007/s10886-005-3552-x.
Mature larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), exit the fruit and seek sites suitable for pupation. Spinning cocoons in such sites, larvae produce a complex, cocoon-derived blend of volatiles recently shown to attract and/or arrest both conspecific larvae and the prepupal parasitoid Mastrus ridibundus Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Here we report components of this blend that constitute the pheromone of fifth-instar C. pomonella larvae. Thirty-one two-choice olfactometer experiments showed that a blend of synthetic (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, sulcatone, and geranylacetone, in combination with either 3-carene and/or three saturated aldehydes (octanal, nonanal, decanal), elicited behavioral responses from C. pomonella larvae. In on-tree experiments with corrugated cardboard bands as pupation sites for larvae affixed to tree trunks, and with laboratory-reared larvae released onto such trees, more larvae cocooned in those halves of cardboard bands baited with cocoon-spinning conspecific larvae, or with synthetic pheromone components, than in unbaited control halves of the bands. With the larval aggregation pheromone identified in this study, there might be an opportunity to manipulate C. pomonella larvae in commercial fruit or nut orchards.
苹果蠹蛾，即苹果小卷蛾（Cydia pomonella L.，鳞翅目：小卷蛾科）的成熟幼虫会离开果实，寻找适合化蛹的场所。幼虫在这些场所吐丝结茧，并产生一种复杂的、源自茧的挥发性混合物，最近的研究表明，这种混合物能够吸引和/或阻止同种幼虫以及蛹前期寄生蜂红腹马斯茧蜂（Mastrus ridibundus Gravenhorst，膜翅目：姬蜂科）。在此，我们报告了这种混合物中构成苹果蠹蛾五龄幼虫信息素的成分。31次双选嗅觉仪实验表明，合成的（E）-2-辛烯醛、（E）-2-壬烯醛、沟酸酮和香叶基丙酮的混合物，再加上3-蒈烯和/或三种饱和醛（辛醛、壬醛、癸醛），会引发苹果蠹蛾幼虫的行为反应。在树上实验中，用瓦楞纸板带作为固定在树干上的幼虫的化蛹场所，并将实验室饲养的幼虫释放到这些树上，结果发现，在那些用吐丝结茧的同种幼虫或合成信息素成分诱捕的纸板带半侧中结茧的幼虫，比在未诱捕的对照半侧中结茧的幼虫更多。利用本研究中鉴定出的幼虫聚集信息素，或许有机会在商业水果或坚果果园中对苹果蠹蛾幼虫进行操控。
