Venti Colleen A, Tataranni P Antonio, Salbe Arline D
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Sep;105(9):1401-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.06.004.
Dietary calcium intake, especially from dairy products, may have a protective effect against obesity. This study aimed to determine if calcium intake is associated with body weight and adiposity in Pima Indians, an obesity-prone population.
Subjects were 65 Pima Indian adults (35 men/30 women, age 33+/-8 years [mean+/-standard deviation]) participating in a study of eating behavior and 78 Pima Indian children (36 boys/42 girls, age 10.4+/-0.3 years) participating in a study of childhood obesity. Height and weight were measured, and body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Food intake in adults was assessed using the Block 1998 Food Questionnaire; food intake in children was assessed using a 24-hour recall with parental assistance.
In adults, mean energy intake was 3,163+/-1,037 kcal/day, mean percentage of energy from fat was 41%+/-7%, and calcium intake was 914+/-333 mg/day. In children, mean energy intake was 1,988+/-733 kcal/day, mean percentage of energy from fat was 36%+/-9%, and calcium intake was 637+/-352 mg/day, half the recommended daily intake for this age group. There were no significant associations between calcium intake and body weight (r=0.05, P=.71; r=0.04, P=.73), body fat (r=0.16, P=.19; r=0.12, P=.42), or body mass index (r=0.01, P=.97; r=0.04, P=.77) in either adults or children, respectively.
One explanation for the lack of association between reported calcium intake and body size in Pima Indians may be that the high-fat, high-energy diet consumed by the population overwhelmed the "anti-obesigenic" effect of calcium.
We were unable to find an association between calcium intake and body size or adiposity in Pima Indian adults and children. Although the essentiality of calcium to bone health is well established, the role of calcium and dairy product intake in obesity and weight management remains uncertain.
膳食钙摄入量，尤其是来自乳制品的钙摄入，可能对肥胖具有保护作用。本研究旨在确定在易患肥胖症的皮马印第安人中，钙摄入量是否与体重及肥胖相关。
研究对象为65名参与饮食行为研究的皮马印第安成年人（35名男性/30名女性，年龄33±8岁[均值±标准差]）以及78名参与儿童肥胖研究的皮马印第安儿童（36名男孩/42名女孩，年龄10.4±0.3岁）。测量身高和体重，并通过双能X线吸收法测定身体成分。使用1998年版Block食物问卷评估成年人的食物摄入量；在家长协助下通过24小时回顾法评估儿童的食物摄入量。
成年人的平均能量摄入量为3163±1037千卡/天，脂肪提供能量的平均百分比为41%±7%，钙摄入量为914±333毫克/天。儿童的平均能量摄入量为1988±733千卡/天，脂肪提供能量的平均百分比为36%±9%，钙摄入量为637±352毫克/天，为该年龄组推荐每日摄入量的一半。在成年人或儿童中，钙摄入量与体重（r=0.05，P=0.71；r=0.04，P=0.73）、体脂肪（r=0.16，P=0.19；r=0.12，P=0.42）或体重指数（r=0.01，P=0.97；r=0.04，P=0.77）之间均无显著关联。
皮马印第安人报告的钙摄入量与体型之间缺乏关联的一种解释可能是，该人群所食用的高脂肪、高能量饮食掩盖了钙的“抗肥胖ogenic”作用。
我们未能在皮马印第安成年人和儿童中发现钙摄入量与体型或肥胖之间的关联。尽管钙对骨骼健康的必要性已得到充分证实，但钙和乳制品摄入在肥胖及体重管理中的作用仍不确定。
