Palacios S, Borrego R Sanchez, Forteza A
Instituto Palacios of Woman's Health, Calle Antonio Acuña 9, 28009 Madrid, Spain.
Maturitas. 2005 Nov 15;52 Suppl 1:S53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.06.013. Epub 2005 Aug 29.
Women make up 55% of the total world population. This percentage is set to steadily increase over the next three decades. Europe also has the highest proportion of older women in the world. In fact, there are now approximately 3 women for every 2 men over 65. All of this data confirms the importance of prevention. An ideal approach for the female post-menopausal population would be treatment of any condition that can improve physical, mental and social well-being. Nevertheless, it is understood that the efficacy and cost/benefits of every screening programme need to be analysed. One of the largest and most neglected groups that could benefit from prevention consists of women without hot flushes (asymptomatic women), but with risk factors. The strategic measures are information, research and development of programmes. The more practical approach would be to identify patients and therefore yield better results in terms of health status and improvement. Statistics show that the three main causes of mortality and disability in developed countries for post-menopausal women are cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and osteoporosis-associated fractures. There are agreed recommendations to include some preventive measures for these three disorders in clinical practice for health professionals, at least at the minimal level. Research into the role that other diseases play will allow strategies to be developed in order to enhance prevention. Disorders such as urinary incontinence, dyspareunia, visual and hearing impairment and cognitive dysfunction are seen in significant percentages in post-menopausal women and may affect their quality of life. Health care professionals should bear in mind that many women may be reluctant to raise questions about some disorders spontaneously. Physicians should therefore search for patients with risk factors for these diseases. Prevention and treatment to avoid medical accidents will improve the quantity and quality of life.
女性占世界总人口的55%。这一比例在未来三十年将稳步上升。欧洲也是世界上老年女性比例最高的地区。事实上，现在65岁以上的人群中，每2名男性大约对应3名女性。所有这些数据都证实了预防的重要性。对于绝经后女性群体而言，理想的方法是治疗任何能够改善身体、心理和社会幸福感的疾病。然而，据了解，每个筛查项目的疗效和成本效益都需要进行分析。最大且最易被忽视的可从预防中受益的群体之一，是没有潮热症状（无症状女性）但有风险因素的女性。战略措施包括信息、项目研发。更实际的方法是识别患者，从而在健康状况和改善方面取得更好的效果。统计数据表明，在发达国家，绝经后女性死亡和残疾的三大主要原因是心血管疾病（CVD）、癌症和骨质疏松相关骨折。对于卫生专业人员在临床实践中，至少在最低限度上，已达成共识，要针对这三种疾病采取一些预防措施。对其他疾病所起作用进行研究，将有助于制定增强预防效果的策略。尿失禁、性交困难、视力和听力障碍以及认知功能障碍等疾病在绝经后女性中占比显著，可能会影响她们的生活质量。医疗保健专业人员应牢记，许多女性可能不愿主动提出有关某些疾病的问题。因此，医生应筛查有这些疾病风险因素的患者。预防和治疗以避免医疗事故，将提高生活的质量和质量。
