Pradeepkumar A S, Mohan Sailesh, Gopalakrishnan P, Sarma P Sankara, Thankappan K R, Nichter Mark
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India.
Natl Med J India. 2005 May-Jun;18(3):148-53.
We reviewed the literature on tobacco use in Kerala and present data from three recently conducted unpublished studies.
Three cross-sectional studies were conducted; a community-based study of 1,298 individuals aged 15 years and above (mean age 37.4 years, men 630), a school-based study of 1,323 boys (mean age 14.7 years), and a college-based study of 1,254 male students (mean age 18.2 years). Information on tobacco use and sociodemographic variables was collected using pre-tested, structured interview schedules and questionnaires.
In the community study, 72% of men and 6% of women had ever used tobacco. Compared to men with > 12 years of schooling, those with < 5 years of schooling were 7 times more likely to smoke (OR 7, CI 3.2-15.6). The age at initiation of smoking was 19 years among those < 25 years of age compared to 25.5 years among ever smokers > 44 years. In the school study, the age at initiation among boys aged < or = 1 3 years was 10.7 years compared with 13.2 years among > or = 16-year-old boys. Boys whose fathers and friends used tobacco were 2 times and 2.9 times more likely to use tobacco (OR 2.0, CI 1.3-3.1 and OR 2.9, CI 1.6-5.1), respectively, compared with their counterparts. In the college study, 29% of the commerce students used tobacco compared with 5.3% of polytechnic students (p < 0.001).
Survey data suggest that the age at initiation of tobacco use appears to be falling. A series of cross-sectional studies with larger sample sizes of the youth is required to confirm this impression. Tobacco use habits of fathers and peers are significant influences on youth smoking. There is a need to focus on particular types of colleges as these appear to have high-risk tobacco use environments.
我们查阅了喀拉拉邦烟草使用的相关文献，并呈现了三项近期开展的未发表研究的数据。
开展了三项横断面研究；一项针对1298名15岁及以上个体（平均年龄37.4岁，男性630名）的社区研究，一项针对1323名男孩（平均年龄14.7岁）的学校研究，以及一项针对1254名男大学生（平均年龄18.2岁）的大学研究。使用经过预测试的结构化访谈提纲和问卷收集烟草使用及社会人口统计学变量的信息。
在社区研究中，72%的男性和6%的女性曾使用过烟草。与接受过12年以上教育的男性相比，接受过5年以下教育的男性吸烟可能性高7倍（比值比7，可信区间3.2 - 15.6）。25岁以下人群开始吸烟的年龄为19岁，而44岁以上的吸烟者开始吸烟的年龄为25.5岁。在学校研究中，13岁及以下男孩开始吸烟的年龄为10.7岁，而16岁及以上男孩为13.2岁。与父亲和朋友不使用烟草的男孩相比，父亲和朋友使用烟草的男孩使用烟草的可能性分别高2倍（比值比2.0，可信区间1.3 - 3.1）和2.9倍（比值比2.9，可信区间1.6 - 5.1）。在大学研究中，29%的商科学生使用烟草，而理工学院学生为5.3%（p < 0.001）。
调查数据表明，开始使用烟草的年龄似乎在下降。需要开展一系列针对更多青年样本量的横断面研究来证实这一印象。父亲和同龄人的烟草使用习惯对青年吸烟有重大影响。有必要关注特定类型的学院，因为这些学院似乎存在烟草使用的高风险环境。
