Kumar Sandeep, Dwivedi Varsha, Pandey Upendra, Bala Nidhi, Vasandani Sheela, Singh Kamlesh, Chaudhry Kishore
Professor, Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University (Erstwhile King George Medical College), Lucknow, India.
Senior Research Fellow, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University (Erstwhile King George Medical College), Lucknow, India.
J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2011 Oct-Dec;1(1):24-30. doi: 10.1016/S2212-4268(11)60007-9.
The finite details of tobacco consumption practices in north Indian population are hitherto not well described. This study depicts the modes of tobacco use, their relative frequency, demographic and psychosocial determinants.
Random stratified sampling from the list of blocks, villages and urban localities was done. The study was community-based house-to-house survey using interview schedule.
There were 1607 tobacco users: 1399 male and 208 female; 1195 urban and 412 rural. Single mode of tobacco use was reported by 769 (47.85%). Chewing tobacco was prevalent in 511 (31.80%), smoking in 258 (16.55%) subjects and majority 838 (52.15%) had consistent multiple habit of smoking and chewing. Of the 10 preparations of tobacco use, the 'top 5' ranked as tobacco-betel, gutka, cigarette, bidi and khaini. Gutka consumption was significantly higher between age group of 25 years and 55 years (χ(2) = 17.2; P<0.000). Majority of users, 576 (35.84%), started tobacco before 25 years of age and about a fifth, 439 (27.32%) before 18 years. Men significantly used tobacco more than women (χ(2) = 73.2; P<0.000). Women (χ(2) = 73.2; P<0.000) preferred smokeless tobacco and perceived social barrier for smoking.
Multiple or overlapping tobacco practices and other substances abuse were documented in Lucknow, the capital city of the most populous state Uttar Pradesh where chewing tobacco was the commonest as opposed to smoking.
印度北部人群烟草消费行为的具体细节迄今尚未得到充分描述。本研究描述了烟草使用方式、其相对频率、人口统计学和社会心理决定因素。
从街区、村庄和城市地区名单中进行随机分层抽样。该研究是基于社区的逐户调查，采用访谈问卷。
共有1607名烟草使用者，其中男性1399名，女性208名；城市地区1195名，农村地区412名。769人（47.85%）报告为单一烟草使用方式。511人（31.80%）普遍嚼烟，258人（16.55%）吸烟，大多数838人（52.15%）有吸烟和嚼烟的多重习惯。在10种烟草使用制品中，“前5名”依次为烟草-槟榔、古特卡、香烟、比迪烟和嚼烟丝。25岁至55岁年龄组的古特卡消费量显著更高（χ² = 17.2；P<0.000）。大多数使用者576人（35.84%）在25岁之前开始使用烟草，约五分之一439人（27.32%）在18岁之前开始。男性使用烟草的比例显著高于女性（χ² = 73.2；P<0.000）。女性（χ² = 73.2；P<0.000）更喜欢无烟烟草，且认为吸烟存在社会障碍。
在人口最多的北方邦首府勒克瑙，记录到多种或重叠的烟草使用行为及其他物质滥用情况，其中嚼烟最为常见，而非吸烟。
