Bielory Leonard, Ghafoor Sadia
UMDNJ, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Oct;5(5):437-40. doi: 10.1097/01.all.0000183113.63311.11.
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of histamine on various receptors in the conjunctiva. A Medline search from 1980 was performed on the histamine receptor subtypes H1, H2 and H3 in the human conjunctiva.
In the conjunctiva, histamine has been shown to induce various physiological and immunological changes through both H1 and H2 receptor stimulation. Histamine binding to conjunctival H1 receptors through the phospholipase C-dependent inositol phosphate pathway leads to the symptom of pruritus while histamine stimulation of the conjunctival H2 receptors has been indirectly shown to cause vasodilation.
The effect of histamine on conjunctival H1 receptors appears to be the primary target for ocular allergy treatment as it is primarily involved in ocular pruritus. The exact interaction of the conjunctival H2 receptors appears to work in a complementary fashion to the H1 receptor in controlling other features of ocular allergy such as vasodilation and injection. Thus, oral and topical antihistamines with multiple histamine receptor binding activities may provide an improved treatment paradigm for the various signs and symptoms of ocular allergy. The histamine H1, H2 and H3 receptor affinities of ketotifen, pyrilamine, and epinastine appear to have the strongest H1 and H2 affinities.
本综述旨在评估组胺对结膜中各种受体的作用。对1980年以来的医学文献进行检索，研究人结膜中组胺受体亚型H1、H2和H3。
在结膜中，组胺已被证明可通过刺激H1和H2受体诱导各种生理和免疫变化。组胺通过磷脂酶C依赖性肌醇磷酸途径与结膜H1受体结合，导致瘙痒症状，而组胺对结膜H2受体的刺激已间接表明会引起血管舒张。
组胺对结膜H1受体的作用似乎是眼部过敏治疗的主要靶点，因为它主要参与眼部瘙痒。结膜H2受体的确切相互作用似乎以互补方式与H1受体共同控制眼部过敏的其他特征，如血管舒张和充血。因此，具有多种组胺受体结合活性的口服和局部抗组胺药可能为眼部过敏的各种体征和症状提供更好的治疗模式。酮替芬、吡拉明和依匹斯汀的组胺H1、H2和H3受体亲和力似乎具有最强的H1和H2亲和力。
