Peterson Mary A, Enns James T
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 2005 May;67(4):727-40. doi: 10.3758/bf03193528.
Viewing a stepped edge is likely to prompt the perceptual assignment of one side of the edge as figure. This study demonstrates that even a single brief glance at a novel edge gives rise to an implicit memory regarding which side was seen as figure; this edge complex enters into the figure assignment process the next time the edge is encountered, both speeding same-different judgments when the figural side is repeated and slowing these judgments when the new figural side is identical to the former ground side (Experiments 1A and 1B). These results were obtained even when the facing direction of the repeated edge was mirror reversed (Experiment 2). This study shows that implicit measures can reveal the effects of past experience on figure assignment, following a single prior exposure to a novel shape, and supports a competitive model of figure assignment in which past experience serves as one of many figural cues.
观察一个阶梯状边缘很可能会促使人们将边缘的一侧感知为图形。本研究表明，即使只是对一个新出现的边缘短暂瞥一眼，也会产生关于哪一侧被视为图形的内隐记忆；当再次遇到这个边缘时，这种边缘复合体就会进入图形分配过程，当图形侧重复时会加快相同-不同判断，而当新的图形侧与之前的背景侧相同时则会减慢这些判断（实验1A和1B）。即使重复边缘的朝向是镜像反转的，也能得到这些结果（实验2）。本研究表明，内隐测量可以揭示在仅先前一次接触新形状后，过去经验对图形分配的影响，并支持一种图形分配的竞争模型，其中过去经验是众多图形线索之一。
