Skocypec Rachel M, Peterson Mary A
Visual Perception Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Cognitive Science Program, School of Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Vision (Basel). 2022 Mar 21;6(1):19. doi: 10.3390/vision6010019.
Recent evidence suggesting that object detection is improved following valid rather than invalid labels implies that semantics influence object detection. It is not clear, however, whether the results index object detection or feature detection. Further, because control conditions were absent and labels and objects were repeated multiple times, the mechanisms are unknown. We assessed object detection via figure assignment, whereby objects are segmented from backgrounds. Masked bipartite displays depicting a portion of a mono-oriented object (a familiar configuration) on one side of a central border were shown once only for 90 or 100 ms. Familiar configuration is a figural prior. Accurate detection was indexed by reports of an object on the familiar configuration side of the border. Compared to control experiments without labels, valid labels improved accuracy and reduced response times (RTs) more for upright than inverted objects (Studies 1 and 2). Invalid labels denoting different superordinate-level objects (DSC; Study 1) or same superordinate-level objects (SSC; Study 2) reduced accuracy for upright displays only. Orientation dependency indicates that effects are mediated by activated object representations rather than features which are invariant over orientation. Following invalid SSC labels (Study 2), accurate detection RTs were longer than control for both orientations, implicating conflict between semantic representations that had to be resolved before object detection. These results demonstrate that object detection is not just affected by semantics, it entails semantics.
最近有证据表明，有效标签而非无效标签能改善目标检测，这意味着语义会影响目标检测。然而，目前尚不清楚这些结果反映的是目标检测还是特征检测。此外，由于缺乏对照条件，且标签和目标被多次重复呈现，其机制尚不清楚。我们通过图形分配来评估目标检测，即从背景中分割出目标。在中央边界一侧显示的掩蔽二分显示，描绘了一个单方向目标的一部分（一种常见配置），仅呈现一次，持续90或100毫秒。常见配置是一种图形先验。通过报告边界熟悉配置一侧的目标来衡量准确检测。与无标签的对照实验相比，有效标签对直立物体的准确性提高和反应时间（RT）缩短的效果比对倒置物体更明显（研究1和研究2）。表示不同上级水平物体（DSC；研究1）或相同上级水平物体（SSC；研究2）的无效标签仅降低了直立显示的准确性。方向依赖性表明，这些效应是由激活的目标表征介导的，而不是由方向不变的特征介导的。在无效的SSC标签之后（研究2），两种方向的准确检测反应时间都比对照组长，这意味着在目标检测之前必须解决语义表征之间的冲突。这些结果表明，目标检测不仅受语义影响，还需要语义参与。
