Sherman Diane L, Brophy Peter J
Centre for Neuroscience Research, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, UK.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005 Sep;6(9):683-90. doi: 10.1038/nrn1743.
The evolution of complex nervous systems in vertebrates has been accompanied by, and probably dependent on, the acquisition of the myelin sheath. Although there has been substantial progress in our understanding of the factors that determine glial cell fate, much less is known about the cellular mechanisms that determine how the myelin sheath is extended and stabilized around axons. This review highlights four crucial stages of myelination, namely, the selection of axons and initiation of cell-cell interactions between them and glial cells, the establishment of stable intercellular contact and assembly of the nodes of Ranvier, regulation of myelin thickness and, finally, longitudinal extension of myelin segments in response to the lengthening of axons during postnatal growth.
脊椎动物复杂神经系统的进化一直伴随着髓鞘的获得，并且可能依赖于髓鞘的获得。尽管我们在理解决定神经胶质细胞命运的因素方面取得了重大进展，但对于决定髓鞘如何在轴突周围延伸和稳定的细胞机制却知之甚少。本综述重点介绍了髓鞘形成的四个关键阶段，即轴突的选择以及它们与神经胶质细胞之间细胞间相互作用的启动、稳定的细胞间接触的建立和郎飞结的组装、髓鞘厚度的调节，以及最后在出生后生长过程中，髓鞘节段响应轴突延长而进行的纵向延伸。
