Kobayashi Cláudia Castelo Branco Artiaga, Souza Lúcia Kioko Hasimoto e, Fernandes Orionalda de Fátima Lisboa, Brito Sula Cristina Assis de, Silva Ana Cláudia, Sousa Efigênia Dantas de, Silva Maria do Rosário Rodrigues
Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2005 Jul-Aug;47(4):203-7. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46652005000400005. Epub 2005 Aug 29.
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis as the most frequent clinical presentation in immunocompromised patients, mainly in people infected by HIV. This fungus is an environmental encapsulated yeast, commonly found in soil enriched with avian droppings and plant material. A total of 290 samples of pigeon and the other avian droppings, soil, ornamental trees and vegetable material associated with Eucalyptus trees were collected to study environmental sources of Cryptococcus species in Goiânia, Goiás State. The determination of varieties, serotypes and the susceptibility in vitro to fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B of C. neoformans isolates were performed. C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A) was found in 20.3% (36/177) of pigeon dropping samples and in 14.3% (5/35) of samples of Eucalyptus. None of the environmental isolates of C. neoformans showed in vitro resistance to three antifungal agents. The knowledge of major route for human cryptococcal infection (inhalation of infectious particles from saprophytic sources) and a total of 60 C. neoformans isolates obtained from AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis between October 2001 and April 2002 justify the study of the habitats of these yeasts as probable sources of cryptococcosis in this city.
新型隐球菌是一种机会性真菌病原体，在免疫功能低下的患者中，主要是在感染艾滋病毒的人群中，最常见的临床表现是引起脑膜脑炎。这种真菌是一种环境中的有荚膜酵母，常见于富含鸟类粪便和植物材料的土壤中。在戈亚斯州戈亚尼亚市，共采集了290份鸽子和其他鸟类粪便、土壤、观赏树木以及与桉树相关的植物材料样本，以研究隐球菌属的环境来源。对新型隐球菌分离株进行了品种、血清型的测定以及对氟康唑、伊曲康唑和两性霉素B的体外药敏试验。新型隐球菌格鲁比变种（血清型A）在20.3%（36/177）的鸽子粪便样本和14.3%（5/35）的桉树样本中被发现。新型隐球菌的环境分离株对三种抗真菌药物均未表现出体外耐药性。了解人类隐球菌感染的主要途径（吸入来自腐生源的感染性颗粒）以及在2001年10月至2002年4月期间从患有隐球菌性脑膜炎的艾滋病患者中获得的总共60株新型隐球菌分离株，证明了研究这些酵母的栖息地作为该市隐球菌病可能来源的合理性。
