Cheng Allen C, McDonald Jay R, Thielman Nathan M
Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005 Oct;39(9):757-73. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000177231.13770.07.
Diarrhea from gastrointestinal infection remains a common problem. In industrialized countries, management is aimed at reducing morbidity and defining groups that may benefit from further investigation. Most infectious diarrhea is self-limiting and only requires supportive management. Viral agents are increasingly recognized as causative agents of epidemic and sporadic diarrhea. In developing countries, diarrhea is a major cause of mortality in children. Oral rehydration therapy, guided by a clinical assessment of the degree of dehydration, is cheap, simple, and effective and remains the mainstay of management of infant diarrhea. Controversies focus on the optimal formulation of oral rehydration solution. A vaccine against rotavirus has the potential to save millions of lives worldwide.
胃肠道感染引起的腹泻仍然是一个常见问题。在工业化国家，治疗的目标是降低发病率，并确定可能从进一步检查中获益的人群。大多数感染性腹泻是自限性的，仅需支持性治疗。病毒制剂越来越被认为是流行性和散发性腹泻的病原体。在发展中国家，腹泻是儿童死亡的主要原因。根据对脱水程度的临床评估进行指导的口服补液疗法价格便宜、操作简单且有效，仍然是婴儿腹泻治疗的主要方法。争议集中在口服补液溶液的最佳配方上。一种轮状病毒疫苗有潜力在全球挽救数百万人的生命。
