Vilchez C, Touchburn S P, Chavez E R, Chan C W
Department of Animal Science, Macdonald College of McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada.
Poult Sci. 1992 Jun;71(6):1032-42. doi: 10.3382/ps.0711032.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing 3% of either palmitic acid (Diet PA), oleic acid (Diet OA), or linoleic acid (Diet LA) and three stages of development (Days 11, 13, and 15 of incubation) on 1) weights of yolk plus yolk sac membrane (TY), yolk sac membrane (YSM), yolk, liver, and extrahepatic tissue (ET); and 2) the fatty acid composition of phospholipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol ester fractions of YSM and ET of quail embryos. Embryos from birds fed Diet LA had the highest (P less than .05) weights of TY and yolk followed by those from birds fed Diet OA and Diet PA. The weight of ET was highest (P less than .05) in embryos from birds fed Diet PA followed by those from birds fed Diet LA and Diet OA. The weights of YSM and liver were not affected by the maternal diet (P greater than .05). The weight of TY decreased whereas the weights of liver and ET increased as incubation progressed (P less than .05). The weight of YSM was maximum at Day 13 of incubation. In the phospholipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol ester fractions of both YSM and ET of embryos, the fatty acid present at the highest level, except palmitic acid, was the one added to the maternal diet. In phospholipids of both YSM and ET the oleic acid content decreased and linoleic acid increased as incubation progressed. In triglycerides and cholesterol esters of both YSM and ET, the levels of palmitic acid increased, but oleic and linoleic acids decreased, with advancing embryonic development. The results of the present study indicate that embryos from birds fed Diet PA mobilize more yolk material and produce heavier ET than embryos from birds fed Diet OA and Diet LA. The fatty acid profiles of phospholipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol esters of embryonic tissues are consistently influenced by dietary fatty acid and the stage of development.
进行了一项实验，以评估含有3%棕榈酸（PA组日粮）、油酸（OA组日粮）或亚油酸（LA组日粮）的日粮以及三个发育阶段（孵化第11天、13天和15天）对以下方面的影响：1）卵黄加卵黄囊膜（TY）、卵黄囊膜（YSM）、卵黄、肝脏和肝外组织（ET）的重量；2）鹌鹑胚胎YSM和ET中磷脂、甘油三酯和胆固醇酯部分的脂肪酸组成。饲喂LA组日粮的母鸡所产胚胎的TY和卵黄重量最高（P<0.05），其次是饲喂OA组日粮和PA组日粮的母鸡所产胚胎。饲喂PA组日粮母鸡所产胚胎的ET重量最高（P<0.05），其次是饲喂LA组日粮和OA组日粮的母鸡所产胚胎。母体日粮对YSM和肝脏的重量没有影响（P>0.05）。随着孵化进程，TY重量下降，而肝脏和ET重量增加（P<0.05）。YSM重量在孵化第13天达到最大值。在胚胎的YSM和ET的磷脂、甘油三酯和胆固醇酯部分中，除棕榈酸外，含量最高的脂肪酸是添加到母体日粮中的脂肪酸。随着孵化进程，YSM和ET的磷脂中油酸含量下降，亚油酸含量增加。随着胚胎发育的推进，YSM和ET的甘油三酯和胆固醇酯中棕榈酸水平升高，但油酸和亚油酸水平下降。本研究结果表明，饲喂PA组日粮的母鸡所产胚胎比饲喂OA组日粮和LA组日粮的母鸡所产胚胎动员更多的卵黄物质，并且产生更重的ET。胚胎组织中磷脂、甘油三酯和胆固醇酯的脂肪酸谱始终受到日粮脂肪酸和发育阶段的影响。
