Dunger David B, Ahmed M Lynn, Ong Ken K
Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Sep;19(3):375-90. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.005.
Nutrition is an important regulator of the tempo of human growth. Infancy may represent a critical "window" where variations in nutrition have longer-term consequences for growth and development. Rapid weight gain during infancy is associated with accelerated growth and early pubertal development. Rapid weight gain in infancy is also associated with the development of insulin resistance and an exaggerated adrenarche. Such circulating hormonal changes, together with elevated leptin levels and integral effects of fat cells on hormone action through local 11beta-steroid dehydrogenase and aromatase activity could effect rate of progression of pubertal development in obese subjects. The secular trends in growth and maturation are partly attributed to changing nutrition. Recent data suggest that age at menarche may be static, but there is a debate as to whether the first signs of puberty are being seen much earlier in obese girls. Rapid early weight gain, obesity and early development may have implications for later health through the development of PCOS and overall association with cancer risk.
营养是人类生长节奏的重要调节因素。婴儿期可能是一个关键的“窗口”，在此期间营养的变化会对生长发育产生长期影响。婴儿期体重快速增加与生长加速和青春期提前发育有关。婴儿期体重快速增加还与胰岛素抵抗的发展以及肾上腺初现提前有关。这种循环激素变化，连同瘦素水平升高以及脂肪细胞通过局部11β-类固醇脱氢酶和芳香化酶活性对激素作用的整体影响，可能会影响肥胖受试者青春期发育的进展速度。生长和成熟的长期趋势部分归因于营养的变化。最近的数据表明初潮年龄可能保持不变，但肥胖女孩青春期的最初迹象是否出现得更早仍存在争议。早期体重快速增加、肥胖和早期发育可能通过多囊卵巢综合征的发展以及与癌症风险的总体关联，对后期健康产生影响。
