Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2024 Feb;20(2):111-123. doi: 10.1038/s41574-023-00919-z. Epub 2023 Dec 4.
An individual's nutritional status has a powerful effect on sexual maturation. Puberty onset is delayed in response to chronic energy insufficiency and is advanced under energy abundance. The consequences of altered pubertal timing for human health are profound. Late puberty increases the chances of cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal and neurocognitive disorders, whereas early puberty is associated with increased risks of adult obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers, such as breast, endometrial and prostate cancer. Kennedy and Mitra's trailblazing studies, published in 1963 and using experimental models, were the first to demonstrate that nutrition is a key factor in puberty onset. Building on this work, the field has advanced substantially in the past decade, which is largely due to the impressive development of molecular tools for experimentation and population genetics. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in basic and translational sciences underlying the nutritional and metabolic control of pubertal development, with a focus on perspectives and future directions.
个体的营养状况对性成熟有强大的影响。慢性能量不足会导致青春期开始延迟，而能量过剩会导致青春期提前。青春期时间改变对人类健康的后果是深远的。青春期延迟会增加患心血管代谢、肌肉骨骼和神经认知障碍的几率，而青春期提前则与成年肥胖、2 型糖尿病、心血管疾病和各种癌症（如乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌和前列腺癌）的风险增加有关。Kennedy 和 Mitra 于 1963 年发表的开创性研究使用实验模型首次证明，营养是青春期开始的关键因素。在此基础上，该领域在过去十年中取得了实质性的进展，这主要得益于实验和人群遗传学的分子工具的显著发展。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了营养和代谢控制青春期发育的基础和转化科学的最新进展，重点讨论了观点和未来方向。
