Rodgers Gregory B, Leland Elizabeth W
Directorate for Economic Analysis, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States.
J Safety Res. 2005;36(4):327-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.06.010. Epub 2005 Sep 8.
During the early 1990s the number of baby walker injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments averaged almost 25,000 annually; about 80% resulted from falls down stairs. After initiating a regulatory proceeding in 1994, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission staff worked with industry to develop requirements to address the stair-fall hazard. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the stair-fall requirements, which became effective in 1997 as part of a revised voluntary standard.
Annual baby walker emergency department injury rates were constructed for the 1981-2002 study period. A multivariate negative binomial regression model was used to estimate the effectiveness of the stair-fall requirements in reducing the injury rate.
The stair-fall requirements reduced the emergency department injury rate by an estimated 63% (95% CI, 52% to 71%).
Given the substantial reduction in walker injuries, and the high level of industry conformance with the stair-fall requirements, the Commission terminated its regulatory proceeding in May, 2002. The success of the baby walker project highlights the ability of government and industry to work together cooperatively to develop effective safety improvements for consumer products.
在20世纪90年代初，美国医院急诊科每年收治的婴儿学步车受伤病例平均近25000例；其中约80%是从楼梯上摔落所致。1994年启动监管程序后，美国消费品安全委员会工作人员与行业合作制定要求，以解决从楼梯上摔落的危险问题。本研究评估了从楼梯上摔落要求的有效性，该要求于1997年作为修订后的自愿标准的一部分生效。
构建了1981 - 2002年研究期间婴儿学步车急诊科年受伤率。采用多变量负二项回归模型来估计从楼梯上摔落要求在降低受伤率方面的有效性。
从楼梯上摔落要求使急诊科受伤率估计降低了63%（95%置信区间，52%至7l%）。
鉴于学步车受伤情况大幅减少，且行业对从楼梯上摔落要求的遵守程度很高，委员会于2002年5月终止了其监管程序。婴儿学步车项目的成功凸显了政府和行业合作共同为消费品开发有效安全改进措施的能力。
