Mather Mara, Carstensen Laura L
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2005 Oct;9(10):496-502. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.005.
As people get older, they experience fewer negative emotions. Strategic processes in older adults' emotional attention and memory might play a role in this variation with age. Older adults show more emotionally gratifying memory distortion for past choices and autobiographical information than younger adults do. In addition, when shown stimuli that vary in affective valence, positive items account for a larger proportion of older adults' subsequent memories than those of younger adults. This positivity effect in older adults' memories seems to be due to their greater focus on emotion regulation and to be implemented by cognitive control mechanisms that enhance positive and diminish negative information. These findings suggest that both cognitive abilities and motivation contribute to older adults' improved emotion regulation.
随着年龄的增长，人们经历的负面情绪会减少。老年人情绪注意力和记忆中的策略性过程可能在这种随年龄变化中起作用。与年轻人相比，老年人对过去的选择和自传信息表现出更多情感上令人满足的记忆扭曲。此外，当呈现情感效价不同的刺激时，与年轻人相比，积极项目在老年人随后的记忆中占比更大。老年人记忆中的这种积极效应似乎是由于他们更关注情绪调节，并由增强积极信息、减少消极信息的认知控制机制来实现。这些发现表明，认知能力和动机都有助于老年人改善情绪调节。
