Hiley Michael J, Yeadon Maurice R
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK.
J Biomech. 2005 Nov;38(11):2221-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.09.025. Epub 2004 Nov 11.
In men's artistic gymnastics the triple straight somersault dismount from the high bar has yet to be performed in competition. The present study used a simulation model of a gymnast and the high bar apparatus (J. Appl. Biomech. 19(2003a) 119) to determine whether a gymnast could produce the required angular momentum and flight to complete a triple straight somersault dismount. Optimisations were carried out to maximise the margin for error in timing the bar release for a given number of straight somersaults in flight. The amount of rotation potential (number of straight somersaults) the model could produce whilst maintaining a realistic margin for error was determined. A simulation model of aerial movement (J. Biomech.23 (1990) 85) was used to find what would be possible with this amount of rotation potential. The model was able to produce sufficient angular momentum and time in the air to complete a triple straight somersault dismount. The margin for error when releasing the bar using the optimum technique was 28 ms, which is small when compared with the mean margin for error determined for high bar finalists at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games (55 ms). Although the triple straight somersault dismount is theoretically possible, it would require close to maximum effort and precise timing of the release from the bar. However, when the model was required to have a realistic margin for error, it was able to produce sufficient angular momentum for a double twisting triple somersault dismount.
在男子竞技体操中，从单杠上完成三直体空翻下法尚未在比赛中出现过。本研究使用了一名体操运动员和单杠器械的模拟模型（《应用生物力学杂志》19(2003a) 119）来确定一名体操运动员是否能够产生所需的角动量并在空中完成三直体空翻。进行了优化，以在给定数量的空中直体空翻时最大化杠释放时间的误差余量。确定了模型在保持现实的误差余量的同时能够产生的旋转潜力（直体空翻数量）。使用了一个空中运动模拟模型（《生物力学杂志》23 (1990) 85）来找出利用这一旋转潜力能够实现的动作。该模型能够产生足够的角动量和空中时间来完成三直体空翻下法。使用最佳技术释放杠时的误差余量为28毫秒，与2000年悉尼奥运会单杠决赛选手确定的平均误差余量（55毫秒）相比很小。虽然三直体空翻下法理论上是可能的，但这需要接近最大努力以及从杠上释放的精确计时。然而，当要求模型具有现实的误差余量时，它能够产生足够的角动量来完成双转体三空翻下法。
