并发日程安排中的局部偏好：强化物序列的影响。
Local preference in concurrent schedules: the effects of reinforcer sequences.
作者信息
Krägeloh Christian U, Davison Michael, Elliffe Douglas M
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 2005 Jul;84(1):37-64. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2005.114-04.
We investigated the effects that sequences of reinforcers obtained from the same response key have on local preference in concurrent variable-interval schedules with pigeons as subjects. With an overall reinforcer rate of one every 27 s, on average, reinforcers were scheduled dependently, and the probability that a reinforcer would be arranged on the same alternative as the previous reinforcer was manipulated. Throughout the experiment, the overall reinforcer ratio was 1:1, but across conditions we varied the average lengths of same-key reinforcer sequences by varying this conditional probability from 0 to 1. Thus, in some conditions, reinforcer locations changed frequently, whereas in others there tended to be very long sequences of same-key reinforcers. Although there was a general tendency to stay at the just-reinforced alternative, this tendency was considerably decreased in conditions where same-key reinforcer sequences were short. Some effects of reinforcers are at least partly to be accounted for by their signaling subsequent reinforcer locations.
我们以鸽子为实验对象，研究了在并发可变间隔强化程序中，从同一反应键获得的强化物序列对局部偏好的影响。在平均每27秒给予一次强化物的总体强化率下，强化物的安排是相互依赖的，并且控制了强化物出现在与前一个强化物相同选项上的概率。在整个实验过程中，总体强化比例为1:1，但在不同条件下，我们通过将这个条件概率从0变化到1，改变了同键强化物序列的平均长度。因此，在某些条件下，强化物位置频繁变化，而在其他条件下，则往往存在非常长的同键强化物序列。尽管一般有停留在刚得到强化的选项上的倾向，但在同键强化物序列较短的条件下，这种倾向会显著降低。强化物的某些影响至少部分可归因于它们对后续强化物位置的信号作用。
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