Barry James D, Sciarappa William J, Teixeira Luís A F, Polavarapu Sridhar
Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension Center, Rutgers University, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Aug;98(4):1236-41. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-98.4.1236.
Laboratory and field assays using insecticides for organic pest management were conducted on the blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran. Topical exposure of flies to spinosad (Entrust), pyrethrum (PyGanic 1.4 EC), azadirachtin (Aza-Direct), and phosmet (Imidan 70-W) resulted in significantly higher mortality compared with the water control after 2 and 24 h. After 24 h, there were no significant differences in fly mortality among treatments of Entrust, PyGanic, or Imidan, whereas fly mortality to Aza-Direct was significantly lower. Another laboratory assay evaluated mortality of flies after residual exposure to these insecticides on leaves, after 24 and 48 h. In this assay, there were no significant differences in fly mortality after 48 h among treatments of PyGanic, Aza-Direct, and the water control, whereas significantly higher fly mortality resulted from exposure to Entrust and Imidan. A repellency assay found no measurable effects of Aza-Direct. Large-scale field trials found no treatment effect for number of adults of the blueberry maggot captured in sticky traps; however, there were significantly lower levels of fruit-infesting larvae in treated plots compared with the untreated control. Spinosad bait (GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait), Entrust, and PyGanic were not different from imidacloprid (Provado 1.6 F). However, there was a significantly higher infestation in the plot treated with azadirachtin (Agroneem) compared with Provado. Overall, the insecticides evaluated in these trials showed good ability to control blueberry maggot, suggesting that they can be incorporated in a blueberry maggot management program under organic standards.
针对蓝莓实蝇（Rhagoletis mendax Curran），开展了使用杀虫剂进行有机害虫管理的实验室和田间试验。与水对照相比，将苍蝇局部暴露于多杀菌素（安打）、除虫菊（PyGanic 1.4 EC）、印楝素（Aza-Direct）和亚胺硫磷（Imidan 70-W）后，在2小时和24小时时死亡率显著更高。24小时后，安打、PyGanic或Imidan处理组之间苍蝇死亡率无显著差异，而Aza-Direct处理组的苍蝇死亡率显著更低。另一项实验室试验评估了苍蝇在叶片上残留接触这些杀虫剂24小时和48小时后的死亡率。在该试验中，48小时后PyGanic、Aza-Direct处理组和水对照组之间苍蝇死亡率无显著差异，而接触安打和Imidan导致苍蝇死亡率显著更高。一项驱避试验发现Aza-Direct没有可测量的效果。大规模田间试验发现，粘虫板捕获的蓝莓实蝇成虫数量没有处理效应；然而，与未处理对照相比，处理地块中侵害果实的幼虫数量显著更低。多杀菌素诱饵（GF-120 NF Naturalyte果蝇诱饵）、安打和PyGanic与吡虫啉（Provado 1.6 F）没有差异。然而，与Provado相比，用印楝素（Agroneem）处理的地块虫害显著更高。总体而言，这些试验中评估的杀虫剂显示出良好的控制蓝莓实蝇的能力，表明它们可纳入有机标准下的蓝莓实蝇管理方案。
