Hafez Abdulwahab M, Mota-Sanchez David, Vandervoort Christine, Wise John C
Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 243 Natural Science, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Insects. 2021 Sep 21;12(9):846. doi: 10.3390/insects12090846.
Field-based residual bioassays and residue analysis were conducted to assess the field performance and toxicity longevity of different insecticides that had previously been associated with resistance of populations collected from apple and cherry orchards. In this study, 12-24 h-old larvae of apple and cherry populations were exposed to apple and cherry leaf samples, respectively, at post-application intervals and a susceptible population served as a reference of each. In the apple and cherry trials, the order of residual longevity of insecticides that effectively controlled the tested populations was as follows: bifenthrin and spinetoram (apple: 14, cherry 21-day post-application), phosmet (apple: 7, cherry 14-day post-application), chlorantraniliprole (apple: 7-day post-application), and indoxacarb and emamectin benzoate (apple: 1, cherry 7-day post-application). Compared to the susceptible population, the resistant populations resulted in a measurable loss of field performance, or "practical resistance", for the insecticides emamectin benzoate (at 7-day post-application), chlorantraniliprole (at 21-day post-application), and indoxacarb (at all post-application intervals) in the apple trials, while in cherry trial just indoxacarb at 7-day post-application showed a reduced efficacy. In terms of long-lasting residues, only chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb maintained measurable leaf residues over all post-application intervals while the leaf residues of the other compounds had largely degraded within the first 7 days. These findings can help fruit growers make adjustments to their spray/re-application intervals and optimally utilize important chemical tools in their integrated pest management programs.
进行了田间残留生物测定和残留分析，以评估不同杀虫剂的田间性能和毒性持效期，这些杀虫剂之前与从苹果园和樱桃园采集的种群抗性有关。在本研究中，分别在施药后的不同间隔时间，将12 - 24小时龄的苹果和樱桃种群幼虫暴露于苹果和樱桃叶样本上，每个样本都以一个敏感种群作为对照。在苹果和樱桃试验中，有效控制受试种群的杀虫剂残留持效期顺序如下：联苯菊酯和多杀霉素（苹果：施药后14天，樱桃：施药后21天）、亚胺硫磷（苹果：施药后7天，樱桃：施药后14天）、氯虫苯甲酰胺（苹果：施药后7天）、茚虫威和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（苹果：施药后1天，樱桃：施药后7天）。与敏感种群相比，抗性种群导致苹果试验中，甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（施药后7天）、氯虫苯甲酰胺（施药后21天）和茚虫威（所有施药后间隔时间）的杀虫剂田间性能出现可测量的损失，即“实际抗性”，而在樱桃试验中，仅施药后7天的茚虫威显示出药效降低。就长期残留而言，只有氯虫苯甲酰胺和茚虫威在所有施药后间隔时间内都保持可测量的叶片残留，而其他化合物的叶片残留在最初7天内大多已降解。这些发现可以帮助果农调整他们的喷雾/重新施药间隔时间，并在其综合害虫管理计划中最佳地利用重要的化学工具。
