Ball Geoff D C, Marshall J Dru, McCargar Linda J
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
Can J Diet Pract Res. 2005 Fall;66(3):162-9. doi: 10.3148/66.3.2005.162.
Differences in physical activity, aerobic fitness, self-perception, and dietary intake were examined in a sample of six- to ten-year-olds at risk of overweight, and in normal weight boys and girls. Participants (n=20 at risk of overweight [BMI > or =85th percentile]; n=115 normal weight [BMI <85th percentile]; n=68 boys; n=67 girls) had anthropometric, physical activity, aerobic fitness, self-perception, and dietary intake measurements at zero, three, six, and 12 months. Over the 12-month period, normal weight children were more physically active (F=4.1, p<0.05) and aerobically fit (F=14.3, p<0.001), and possessed higher self-perceptions of social acceptance (F=7.3, p<0.01) than their at risk of overweight peers. Fitness differences between the sexes were not apparent at baseline, but emerged over the long term (F=7.9, p<0.01). Overall, boys consumed more total energy, fat, carbohydrate, and protein than did girls, while the entire sample consumed diets low in vegetables and fruits and meat and alternatives, and high in "other" foods. These observations highlight key disparities in lifestyle-related behaviours and perceptions between groups of children according to overweight status and sex. The findings underscore the importance of longitudinal studies in youth because cross-sectional studies may reflect transient differences.
对一组有超重风险的6至10岁儿童以及正常体重的男孩和女孩的身体活动、有氧适能、自我认知和饮食摄入差异进行了研究。参与者（n = 20有超重风险[BMI≥第85百分位数]；n = 115正常体重[BMI＜第85百分位数]；n = 68名男孩；n = 67名女孩）在0、3、6和12个月时进行了人体测量、身体活动、有氧适能、自我认知和饮食摄入测量。在12个月期间，正常体重的儿童比有超重风险的同龄人身体活动更频繁（F = 4.1，p＜0.05），有氧适能更强（F = 14.3，p＜0.001），并且对社会接纳的自我认知更高（F = 7.3，p＜0.01）。性别之间的适能差异在基线时并不明显，但在长期观察中出现了差异（F = 7.9，p＜0.01）。总体而言，男孩比女孩摄入的总能量、脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白质更多，而整个样本摄入的蔬菜、水果、肉类及替代物含量低，“其他”食物含量高。这些观察结果突出了不同超重状况和性别的儿童群体在与生活方式相关的行为和认知方面的关键差异。研究结果强调了青少年纵向研究的重要性，因为横断面研究可能反映的是暂时的差异。
