Roiser Jonathan P, Rogers Robert D, Sahakian Barbara J
Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Jan;189(4):505-16. doi: 10.1007/s00213-005-0101-9. Epub 2005 Sep 15.
A number of studies have compared ecstasy users to control groups on various measures of neuropsychological function in order to determine whether ecstasy use results in lasting cognitive deficits. However, few of those studies controlled adequately for non-ecstasy illicit drug use.
The aim of this study was to investigate neuropsychological function in chronic ecstasy users while controlling for polydrug use.
Neuropsychological function was assessed in four groups-30 current 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) users with a little history of illicit drug use other than ecstasy and cannabis, 30 polydrug controls, 30 drug-naïve controls and 20 ex-MDMA users-using a battery of well-validated, computerized neuropsychological tests. The battery focused on memory, executive function, impulsivity and risk-taking.
Few differences were apparent between the groups, and on no measure were the current MDMA users impaired significantly relative to the polydrug controls. However, within the current MDMA users, questionnaire-measured impulsivity correlated with performance on a number of tests-a relationship that was not apparent in the controls.
These data highlight the complexity in understanding the current ecstasy literature and suggest that some individuals may be particularly vulnerable to cognitive impairment following chronic use. Although no differences were identified between the current MDMA users and the controls, trait impulsiveness was significantly correlated with impairment on a number of neuropsychological outcome measures in the MDMA users, but not in the controls. These data suggest that impulsive individuals may be those most at risk for the development of cognitive impairment following chronic ecstasy use.
多项研究将摇头丸使用者与对照组在各种神经心理功能指标上进行了比较，以确定使用摇头丸是否会导致持久的认知缺陷。然而，这些研究中很少有对非摇头丸类非法药物使用进行充分控制的。
本研究的目的是在控制多药使用的情况下，调查慢性摇头丸使用者的神经心理功能。
使用一系列经过充分验证的计算机化神经心理测试，对四组人群的神经心理功能进行评估，这四组分别为：30名目前使用3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸）且除摇头丸和大麻外非法药物使用史较少的使用者、30名多药使用对照组、30名未使用过药物的对照组以及20名曾经使用过摇头丸的使用者。该测试组主要关注记忆、执行功能、冲动性和冒险行为。
各组之间几乎没有明显差异，在任何指标上，目前的摇头丸使用者相对于多药使用对照组均未出现显著受损情况。然而，在目前的摇头丸使用者中，问卷调查测得的冲动性与多项测试的表现相关，而这种关系在对照组中并不明显。
这些数据凸显了理解当前摇头丸相关文献的复杂性，并表明一些个体在长期使用后可能特别容易出现认知障碍。虽然目前的摇头丸使用者与对照组之间未发现差异，但特质冲动性与摇头丸使用者多项神经心理结果指标的受损情况显著相关，而在对照组中并非如此。这些数据表明，冲动型个体可能是长期使用摇头丸后发生认知障碍风险最高的人群。
