Springer Andrew, Parcel Guy, Baumler Elizabeth, Ross Michael
Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas School of Public Health, 7000 Fannin Street, Suite UCT 2664, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2006 Apr;62(7):1628-40. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.08.018. Epub 2005 Sep 19.
An increasing number of studies suggest that supportive social relationships in the family and school may exert a protective effect against a number of youth health risk behaviors. This study examines the association between perceived parental social support and perceived social cohesion at school with selected youth risk behavior outcomes (physical fighting, victimization, suicidal ideation, substance use, and sexual intercourse) among 930 female and male public secondary school students studying in the central region of El Salvador. The study questionnaire comprised closed-ended items of parent/school relationships and risk behaviors based on the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey. In regression analyses, female students who perceived low parental social support were significantly more likely to report engaging in all risk behaviors examined, and female students with perceptions of low school social cohesion were more likely to report suicidal ideation, binge drinking, and drug use. Perceptions of parental social support and school social cohesion held fewer but still significant associations across risk behaviors for male students. Male students who reported low parental social support were significantly more likely to report suicidal ideation, drug use and physical fighting, while male students with low perceived school social cohesion were more likely to report physical fighting but less likely to report binge drinking. This study lends support to the importance of supportive social relationships for understanding youth risk behavior and suggests that supportive families and schools may operate differently for female and male students living in El Salvador.
越来越多的研究表明，家庭和学校中支持性的社会关系可能对许多青少年健康风险行为起到保护作用。本研究调查了萨尔瓦多中部地区930名公立中学男女学生中，感知到的父母社会支持和学校社会凝聚力与选定的青少年风险行为结果（肢体冲突、受欺负、自杀意念、物质使用和性行为）之间的关联。研究问卷包括基于美国疾病控制与预防中心青少年风险行为调查的关于父母/学校关系和风险行为的封闭式问题。在回归分析中，感知到父母社会支持较低的女学生报告参与所有所调查风险行为的可能性显著更高，而认为学校社会凝聚力较低的女学生更有可能报告有自杀意念、酗酒和吸毒行为。对于男学生而言，父母社会支持和学校社会凝聚力与风险行为之间的关联较少，但仍具有显著意义。报告父母社会支持较低的男学生更有可能报告有自杀意念、吸毒和肢体冲突，而认为学校社会凝聚力较低的男学生更有可能报告肢体冲突，但报告酗酒的可能性较小。本研究支持了支持性社会关系对于理解青少年风险行为的重要性，并表明支持性的家庭和学校对生活在萨尔瓦多的男女学生可能产生不同的影响。
