Fulkerson Jayne A, Story Mary, Mellin Alison, Leffert Nancy, Neumark-Sztainer Dianne, French Simone A
School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2006 Sep;39(3):337-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.12.026. Epub 2006 Jul 10.
To examine associations between family meal frequency and developmental assets and high-risk behaviors among a national sample of adolescents.
Anonymous surveys were distributed to 99,462 sixth to 12th grade students from public and alternative schools in 213 cities and 25 states across the United States. Logistic regression analyses tested differences in assets and high-risk behaviors by family dinner frequency.
Consistent positive associations were found between the frequency of family dinners and all developmental assets, including both external (e.g., support, boundaries and expectations; odds ratio [OR] 2.1-3.7) and internal assets (e.g., commitment to learning, positive values, social competencies, and positive identity; OR 1.8-2.6); relationships were attenuated, but remained significant after adjusting for demographics and general family communication and support. Consistent inverse relationships were found between the frequency of family dinners and all high-risk behaviors measured (i.e., substance use, sexual activity, depression/suicide, antisocial behaviors, violence, school problems, binge eating/purging, and excessive weight loss; OR .36-.58), relationships were attenuated, but remained significant after adjusting for demographics and family factors.
The findings of the present study suggest that the frequency of family dinner is an external developmental asset or protective factor that may curtail high-risk behaviors among youth. Creative and realistic strategies for enhancing and supporting family meals, given the context within which different families live, should be explored to promote healthy adolescent development. Family rituals such as regular mealtimes may ease the stress of daily living in the fast-paced families of today's society.
在全国青少年样本中研究家庭聚餐频率与发展资产及高风险行为之间的关联。
向美国25个州213个城市的公立和非传统学校的99462名6至12年级学生发放匿名调查问卷。逻辑回归分析检验了家庭晚餐频率在资产和高风险行为方面的差异。
发现家庭晚餐频率与所有发展资产之间存在一致的正相关，包括外部资产（如支持、界限和期望；优势比[OR]为2.1 - 3.7）和内部资产（如对学习的投入、积极价值观、社交能力和积极身份认同；OR为1.8 - 2.6）；在调整人口统计学因素以及一般家庭沟通与支持后，这种关系有所减弱，但仍具有显著性。发现家庭晚餐频率与所测量的所有高风险行为（即物质使用、性活动、抑郁/自杀、反社会行为、暴力、学校问题、暴饮暴食/催吐以及过度减肥；OR为0.36 - 0.58）之间存在一致的负相关，在调整人口统计学因素和家庭因素后，这种关系有所减弱，但仍具有显著性。
本研究结果表明，家庭晚餐频率是一种外部发展资产或保护因素，可能会减少青少年中的高风险行为。鉴于不同家庭的生活背景，应探索增强和支持家庭聚餐的创新且现实的策略，以促进青少年的健康发展。诸如固定用餐时间等家庭仪式可能会缓解当今快节奏社会中家庭日常生活的压力。
