Leighton Federico, Miranda-Rottmann Soledad, Urquiaga Inés
Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
Cell Biochem Funct. 2006 Jul-Aug;24(4):291-8. doi: 10.1002/cbf.1269.
The positive health effects derived from moderate wine consumption are pleiotropic. They appear as improvements in cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma lipids, haemostatic mechanisms, endothelial function and antioxidant defences. The active principles would be ethanol and mainly polyphenols. Results from our and other laboratories support the unifying hypothesis that the improvements in risk factors after red wine consumption are mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Many genes are involved, but the participation of eNOS would be a constant feature. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The National Cholesterol Education Programmmes Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPATP III) clinical definition of the metabolic syndrome requires the presence of at least three risk factors, from among abdominal obesity, high plasma triacylglycerols, low plasma HDL, high blood pressure and high fasting plasma glucose. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the metabolic syndrome are not known. Since metabolic syndrome apparently affects 10-30% of the population in the world, research on its pathogenesis and control is needed. The recent finding that eNOS knockout mice present a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors comparable to those of the metabolic syndrome suggests that defects in eNOS function may cause human metabolic syndrome. These mice are hypertensive, insulin resistant and dyslipidemic. Further support for a pathogenic role of eNOS comes from the finding in humans that eNOS polymorphisms associate with insulin resistance and diabetes, with hypertension, with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and with albuminuria. So, the data sustain the hypothesis that eNOS enhancement should reduce metabolic syndrome incidence and its consequences. Therefore red wine, since it enhances eNOS function, should be considered as a potential tool for the control of metabolic syndrome. This hypothesis is supported by epidemiological observations and needs experimental validation in human intervention studies.
适量饮用葡萄酒对健康产生的积极影响具有多效性。这些影响表现为心血管危险因素的改善，如血脂、止血机制、内皮功能和抗氧化防御等方面。其活性成分可能是乙醇，主要是多酚类物质。我们实验室和其他实验室的研究结果支持了这样一个统一的假设，即饮用红酒后危险因素的改善是由内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）介导的。涉及许多基因，但eNOS的参与是一个恒定特征。代谢综合征是一组与心血管疾病（CVD）高风险相关的代谢危险因素。美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组第三次报告（NCEPATP III）对代谢综合征的临床定义要求至少存在以下三种危险因素中的三种：腹部肥胖、高血浆甘油三酯、低血浆高密度脂蛋白、高血压和高空腹血糖。导致代谢综合征的分子机制尚不清楚。由于代谢综合征显然影响着全球10%-30%的人口，因此需要对其发病机制和控制方法进行研究。最近的研究发现，eNOS基因敲除小鼠出现了一组与代谢综合征相当的心血管危险因素，这表明eNOS功能缺陷可能导致人类代谢综合征。这些小鼠患有高血压、胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常。在人类研究中发现eNOS多态性与胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病、高血压、炎症和氧化应激标志物以及蛋白尿有关，这进一步支持了eNOS在发病机制中的作用。因此，这些数据支持了这样一种假设，即增强eNOS功能应该可以降低代谢综合征的发病率及其后果。因此，由于红酒能够增强eNOS功能，应该被视为控制代谢综合征的一种潜在工具。这一假设得到了流行病学观察结果的支持，需要在人体干预研究中进行实验验证。
