McCredie M, Stewart J H
NSW Central Cancer Registry, Australia.
Cancer Causes Control. 1992 Jul;3(4):323-31. doi: 10.1007/BF00146885.
In a population-based case-control study of kidney cancer in New South Wales, Australia, data from structured interviews with 489 cases of renal cell cancer (RCC) and 147 cases of renal pelvic cancer (CaRP) diagnosed in 1989 and 1990, and 523 controls from the electoral rolls, confirmed the link between obesity and RCC. In addition, regular consumption of 'diet' pills independently increased the risk for this cancer. A diagnosis of hypertension at least two years before interview raised the risk for RCC, and regular use of beta-blockers, a class of antihypertensive drug, independently increased the risk for RCC and CaRP (risk ratio = 1.5-1.8). No independent effect was found for use of diuretics. Additional information provided by this study includes increased risks associated with kidney injury (RCC, CaRP)--possibly attributed to recall bias--and kidney infection (CaRP), as well as a nonsignificantly raised risk linked with kidney stones (RCC, CaRP) and a significantly reduced risk for RCC in persons giving a history of lower urinary tract infection. No significant association of RCC was found with hormonal factors (age at menarche or menopause; child-bearing; regular use of oral contraceptives or estrogens; hysterectomy or oophorectomy).
在澳大利亚新南威尔士州一项基于人群的肾癌病例对照研究中，对1989年和1990年诊断出的489例肾细胞癌（RCC）和147例肾盂癌（CaRP）病例以及从选民名单中选取的523名对照进行结构化访谈所获数据，证实了肥胖与肾细胞癌之间的联系。此外，经常服用“减肥”药会独立增加患这种癌症的风险。在访谈前至少两年被诊断为高血压会增加患肾细胞癌的风险，而经常使用一类降压药β受体阻滞剂会独立增加患肾细胞癌和肾盂癌的风险（风险比 = 1.5 - 1.8）。未发现使用利尿剂有独立影响。这项研究提供的其他信息包括与肾损伤（肾细胞癌、肾盂癌）相关的风险增加——可能归因于回忆偏倚——以及与肾感染（肾盂癌）相关的风险增加，还有与肾结石（肾细胞癌、肾盂癌）相关的风险虽未显著升高，但有下尿路感染病史的人患肾细胞癌的风险显著降低。未发现肾细胞癌与激素因素（初潮或绝经年龄；生育情况；经常使用口服避孕药或雌激素；子宫切除术或卵巢切除术）有显著关联。
