Elavsky Steriani, McAuley Edward, Motl Robert W, Konopack James F, Marquez David X, Hu Liang, Jerome Gerald J, Diener Ed
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2005 Oct;30(2):138-45. doi: 10.1207/s15324796abm3002_6.
Physical activity has been effective in enhancing quality of life (QOL) of older adults over relatively short periods of time. However, little is known about the long-term effects of physical activity and even less about the possible mediators of this relationship.
We examined the mediating effects of psychological variables on the relationship between physical activity and global QOL (satisfaction with life) in older adults over a 4-year period.
Participants (N = 174, M age = 66.7 years) completed a battery of psychosocial measures at 1 and 5 years following enrollment in a 6-month randomized controlled exercise trial.
Panel analysis conducted within a covariance modeling framework indicated that physical activity was related to self-efficacy, physical self-esteem, and positive affect at 1 year, and in turn, greater levels of self-efficacy and positive affect were associated with higher levels of QOL. Analyses indicated that changes in physical activity over the 4-year period were related to increases in physical self-esteem and positive affect, but only positive affect directly influenced improvements in QOL.
The findings lend support to the position that physical activity effects on QOL are in part mediated by intermediate psychological outcomes and that physical activity can have long-term effects on well-being.
体育活动在相对较短的时间内对提高老年人的生活质量(QOL)已显示出成效。然而,对于体育活动的长期影响知之甚少,对于这种关系可能的调节因素更是了解不足。
我们研究了心理变量在4年时间里对老年人体育活动与总体生活质量(对生活的满意度)之间关系的中介作用。
参与者(N = 174,平均年龄 = 66.7岁)在参加为期6个月的随机对照运动试验后的第1年和第5年完成了一系列心理社会测量。
在协方差建模框架内进行的面板分析表明,体育活动在第1年与自我效能感、身体自尊和积极情绪相关,反过来,更高水平的自我效能感和积极情绪与更高水平的生活质量相关。分析表明,4年期间体育活动的变化与身体自尊和积极情绪的增加有关,但只有积极情绪直接影响生活质量的改善。
这些发现支持了这样一种观点,即体育活动对生活质量的影响部分是由中间心理结果介导 的,并且体育活动可以对幸福感产生长期影响。