Sidwa Thomas J, Wilson Pamela J, Moore Guy M, Oertli Ernest H, Hicks Bradley N, Rohde Rodney E, Johnston David H
Texas Department of State Health Services, Zoonosis Control Group, Austin, TX 78756, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005 Sep 1;227(5):785-92. doi: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.785.
To evaluate the effectiveness of intervention efforts to halt 2 wildlife rabies epizootics from 1995 through 2003, including 9 oral rabies vaccination campaigns for coyotes and 8 oral rabies vaccination campaigns for gray foxes.
Retrospective study.
98 coyotes during prevaccination surveillance and 963 coyotes and 104 nontarget animals during postvaccination surveillance in south Texas, and 699 gray foxes and 561 nontarget animals during postvaccination surveillance in west-central Texas.
A recombinant-virus oral rabies vaccine in edible baits was distributed by aircraft for consumption by coyotes and gray foxes. Bait acceptance was monitored by use of microscopic analysis of tetracycline biomarker in upper canine teeth and associated bone structures in animals collected for surveillance. Serologic responses were monitered by testing sera for rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies by use of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. The incidence of rabies in the distribution area was recorded via active and passive surveillance activities; tracking of rabies virus variants in confirmed rabid animals was used to determine the number and type of rabies cases before and after distributions of the vaccine.
The expansion of both epizootics was halted as a result of the vaccine bait program. The number of laboratory-confirmed rabid animals attributable to the domestic dog-coyote rabies virus variant in south Texas declined to 0, whereas the number of laboratory-confirmed rabid animals attributable to the Texas fox rabies virus variant in west-central Texas decreased.
Data indicated that oral rabies vaccination resulted in protective immunity in a sufficient percentage of the target wildlife population to preclude propagation of the disease and provided an effective means of controlling rabies in these species.
评估1995年至2003年期间为阻止2次野生动物狂犬病流行所采取干预措施的效果，包括对郊狼开展9次口服狂犬病疫苗接种活动以及对灰狐开展8次口服狂犬病疫苗接种活动。
回顾性研究。
得克萨斯州南部接种疫苗前监测期间的98只郊狼，接种疫苗后监测期间的963只郊狼和104只非目标动物，以及得克萨斯州中西部接种疫苗后监测期间的699只灰狐和561只非目标动物。
通过飞机投放含有重组病毒口服狂犬病疫苗的可食用诱饵，供郊狼和灰狐食用。通过对采集用于监测的动物上颌犬齿及相关骨骼结构中的四环素生物标志物进行显微镜分析，监测诱饵的接受情况。通过使用快速荧光灶抑制试验检测血清中的狂犬病病毒中和抗体，监测血清学反应。通过主动和被动监测活动记录分布区域内狂犬病的发病率；追踪确诊狂犬病动物体内的狂犬病病毒变种，以确定疫苗分发前后狂犬病病例的数量和类型。
疫苗诱饵计划使两次狂犬病流行的蔓延均得以阻止。得克萨斯州南部由家犬 - 郊狼狂犬病病毒变种导致的实验室确诊狂犬病动物数量降至0，而得克萨斯州中西部由得克萨斯狐狂犬病病毒变种导致的实验室确诊狂犬病动物数量减少。
数据表明，口服狂犬病疫苗在足够比例的目标野生动物种群中产生了保护性免疫，从而阻止了疾病的传播，并为控制这些物种的狂犬病提供了一种有效手段。
