Stijve T, Seeger T
Z Naturforsch C Biosci. 1979 Dec;34(12):1133-8. doi: 10.1515/znc-1979-1209.
A fast, sensitive high performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-amanitin in crude, methanolic extracts of Amanita phalloides is described. The limit of detection is 50 ng of each amanitin. With this method amanitin was determined in 24 pooled samples of Amanita phalloides, collected between 1970 and 1977 in Germany and Switzerland. The total amanitin content varied between 2010 and 7300 mg/kg dry weight and the average value was 4430 mg/kg of which 43% was alpha-amanitin, 49% beta-amanitin and 8% gamma-amanitin. The origin of the fungi hardly influenced their amanitin content: in samples collected during the same year at different sites it fluctuated within a factor of 1.7. The amanitin content of samples from the same site, but collected in different years, maximally varied within a factor of 3.7. The partial decomposition of amanitins during prolonged storage of the lyophilized samples undoubtedly contributed to this variation. Phalloidin, which was determined by conventional thin-layer-chromatography, could not be detected in a sample from 1970, whereas its concentration in material collected during 1977 amounted to 2400 mg/kg dry weight. The toxicity of the samples (LD50 of lyophilized defatted methanolic extracts intravenously for mice) varied within a factor of 2.5.
本文描述了一种快速、灵敏的高效薄层色谱法，用于测定毒蝇伞粗甲醇提取物中的α-、β-和γ-鹅膏毒肽。每种鹅膏毒肽的检测限为50 ng。用该方法测定了1970年至1977年在德国和瑞士采集的24份毒蝇伞混合样品中的鹅膏毒肽。总鹅膏毒肽含量在2010至7300 mg/kg干重之间，平均值为4430 mg/kg，其中43%为α-鹅膏毒肽，49%为β-鹅膏毒肽，8%为γ-鹅膏毒肽。真菌的来源对其鹅膏毒肽含量影响不大：同年在不同地点采集的样品中，其含量波动系数为1.7。同一地点不同年份采集的样品中，鹅膏毒肽含量最大波动系数为3.7。冻干样品长期储存过程中鹅膏毒肽的部分分解无疑是造成这种变化的原因。用常规薄层色谱法测定的鬼笔环肽，在1970年采集的一个样品中未检测到，而在1977年采集的样品中其浓度为2400 mg/kg干重。样品的毒性（冻干脱脂甲醇提取物对小鼠静脉注射的半数致死量）波动系数为2.5。
