Singh A K, Granley K, Misrha U, Naeem K, White T, Jiang Y
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
Forensic Sci Int. 1992 Apr;54(1):9-22. doi: 10.1016/0379-0738(92)90076-9.
Hordenine cross-reacted with various enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits used for the screening of urine samples. Morphine-ELISA kit was most sensitive, whereas etorphine- and buprenorphine-ELISA kits were least sensitive to hordenine cross-reactivity. Hordenine also interfered with the thin layer chromatography of oxymorphone, hydromorphone and apomorphine. The major source of hordenine in humans is beer brewed from barley, whereas the major source of hordenine in horses is canary grass or barley. Therefore, the presence of hordenine in the urine of humans consuming beer or in the urine of horses consuming canary grass may give false positive values when the immunoassay and TLC methods are used for the screening of the urine sample. In order to distinguish hordenine from the opiate drugs, simple and sensitive gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods have been developed in this study.
去甲乌药碱与用于筛查尿液样本的各种酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）或放射免疫测定（RIA）试剂盒发生交叉反应。吗啡-ELISA试剂盒最为敏感，而依托啡肽和丁丙诺啡-ELISA试剂盒对去甲乌药碱交叉反应最不敏感。去甲乌药碱还干扰了羟吗啡酮、氢吗啡酮和阿扑吗啡的薄层色谱分析。人类体内去甲乌药碱的主要来源是用大麦酿造的啤酒，而马体内去甲乌药碱的主要来源是金丝雀草或大麦。因此，当使用免疫测定法和薄层色谱法筛查尿液样本时，饮用啤酒的人的尿液中或食用金丝雀草的马的尿液中存在去甲乌药碱可能会给出假阳性值。为了将去甲乌药碱与阿片类药物区分开来，本研究开发了简单且灵敏的气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）方法。
