Rosenthal Eve N, Riccio Cynthia A, Gsanger Kristen M, Jarratt Kelly Pizzitola
Texas A and M University, Texas, TX, USA.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2006 Feb;21(2):131-9. doi: 10.1016/j.acn.2005.08.004. Epub 2005 Sep 29.
This study examined the extent to which digits forward (DF) or digits backward (DB) account for variance in parent ratings of attention and executive function in children. The sample (n=90) included children with no diagnosis and children with a range of clinical problems, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clinical groups differed from the No Diagnosis group on cognitive ability as well as achievement. Once cognitive ability was controlled, no group differences emerged for Digit Span or digits forward; notably, the ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive group was able to recall significantly more digits backward than the ADHD-Combined Type group. Regression analyses indicated that Full Scale IQ explained significant variance in parent ratings of attention and executive function; DF emerged as a significant predictor only for one measure of attention. When only children with ADHD were considered, DF no longer was a significant predictor. Results support the notion that DF and DB are differing constructs, as well as highlighting the importance of controlling for cognitive ability in consideration of group differences on behavioral measures.
本研究考察了顺背数字（DF）或倒背数字（DB）在多大程度上解释了儿童注意力和执行功能的家长评分中的差异。样本（n = 90）包括未被诊断出问题的儿童以及患有一系列临床问题的儿童，包括注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。临床组在认知能力以及学业成绩方面与未诊断组存在差异。一旦控制了认知能力，数字广度或顺背数字方面未出现组间差异；值得注意的是，注意力缺陷为主型ADHD组倒背数字的能力显著高于混合型ADHD组。回归分析表明，全量表智商解释了家长对注意力和执行功能评分中的显著差异；DF仅作为一种注意力测量指标的显著预测因子出现。仅考虑患有ADHD的儿童时，DF不再是显著预测因子。结果支持了DF和DB是不同结构的观点，同时也凸显了在考虑行为测量指标的组间差异时控制认知能力的重要性。
