Woods William A, McCulloch Michael A
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, 22908, USA.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2005 Nov;23(4):1233-49. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2005.07.003.
Children who have heart disease may present to the emergency department (ED) in many stages of life with a range of cardiovascular manifestions, from minimally irritating palpitations to the life-threatening derangements of shock or lethal dysrhythmia. They can present with congenital heart disease, after a temporizing procedure has been performed or after their definitive repair. Children can also present with fever, weakness, dyspnea, syncope, or chest pain; alternatively, children may present to the ED with active dysrhythmia, pulmonary edema, or cardiogenic shock . These symptoms and presentations may result from Kawasaki disease,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or arrhythmia; therefore, emergency physicians must also be comfortable with the most common types of heart disease associated with these symptoms and presentations. The purpose of this article is to describe the physiology and presentation of undiagnosed congenital heart disease, to describe the complications that can occur after a staged or definitive repair,and to discuss acquired heart disease in children.
患有心脏病的儿童在人生的许多阶段都可能因一系列心血管表现而前往急诊科就诊，这些表现从轻微的心悸到危及生命的休克紊乱或致命性心律失常不等。他们可能患有先天性心脏病，也可能是在进行了姑息性手术之后或最终修复术后前来就诊。儿童还可能表现出发热、虚弱、呼吸困难、晕厥或胸痛；或者，儿童可能因活动性心律失常、肺水肿或心源性休克而前往急诊科就诊。这些症状和表现可能由川崎病、肥厚型心肌病或心律失常引起；因此，急诊医生还必须熟悉与这些症状和表现相关的最常见心脏病类型。本文的目的是描述未确诊先天性心脏病的生理状况和表现，描述分期或最终修复术后可能出现的并发症，并讨论儿童后天性心脏病。
