Cohen Jessica R, Elvevåg Brita, Goldberg Terry E
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institutes of Mental Health/NIH, Bldg. 10 Rm. 4S235, MSC 1379, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;162(10):1969-71. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.10.1969.
The authors tested whether decisions about incongruencies in the representation and processing of semantic knowledge, thought to be related to cognitive control, are selectively impaired in schizophrenia.
Twenty-four patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy comparison subjects determined the relative size of paired stimuli as they are in the real world. Stimuli were words or images. Real-world "distance" (size difference between stimuli) was manipulated within pairs, as was "congruency" between real-world and presentation size.
Although patients were slower overall, both groups exhibited similar effects of "distance" and "congruency"; the task was easier when the real-world size difference between stimuli was greater and when stimuli were congruent in presentation and real-world size.
Some aspects of the representation of semantic knowledge are preserved in schizophrenia, and patients use this information to control cognition in the same manner as healthy individuals.
作者测试了语义知识的表征和处理中的不一致性决策（被认为与认知控制有关）在精神分裂症中是否受到选择性损害。
24名精神分裂症患者和24名健康对照者确定配对刺激在现实世界中的相对大小。刺激物为单词或图像。在配对中操纵现实世界的“距离”（刺激物之间的大小差异）以及现实世界与呈现大小之间的“一致性”。
尽管患者总体上较慢，但两组都表现出相似的“距离”和“一致性”效应；当刺激物在现实世界中的大小差异更大以及刺激物在呈现和现实世界大小上一致时，任务更容易。
语义知识表征的某些方面在精神分裂症中得以保留，并且患者以与健康个体相同的方式利用这些信息来控制认知。
