Baird E, Cooper-Bland S, Waugh R, DeMaine M, Powell W
Cell and Molecular Genetics Department, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee.
Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Jun;233(3):469-75. doi: 10.1007/BF00265445.
Protoplast fusion allows the transfer of both mono- and polygenic traits between species that are sexually incompatible. This approach has particular relevance for potato, and somatic hybridisation has been used to introduce a range of disease resistance genes from sexually incompatible wild species into the cultivated potato gene pool. In addition, protoplast fusion allows the resynthesis of tetraploid genotypes from preselected diploid or dihaploid donor parents. A limiting factor for the efficient exploitation of this technology in potato breeding is the difficulty of unequivocally identifying nuclear hybrids (heterokaryons). In order to facilitate the identification of hybrids at an early stage following fusion, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers (RAPDs) have been used to characterise molecularly both inter- and intra-specific somatic hybrids of potato. RAPD markers detect naturally occurring polymorphism in the donor genotypes and utilise short oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence in combination with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The exploitation of RAPDs in the characterisation of both somatic and sexual hybrids is discussed.
原生质体融合能够在有性不亲和的物种之间转移单基因和多基因性状。这种方法对马铃薯尤为重要，体细胞杂交已被用于将一系列来自有性不亲和野生种的抗病基因导入栽培马铃薯基因库。此外，原生质体融合能够从预先选择的二倍体或双单倍体供体亲本中重新合成四倍体基因型。在马铃薯育种中有效利用这项技术的一个限制因素是难以明确鉴定核杂种（异核体）。为了便于在融合后的早期阶段鉴定杂种，随机扩增多态性DNA标记（RAPD）已被用于从分子水平上表征马铃薯种间和种内的体细胞杂种。RAPD标记检测供体基因型中自然存在的多态性，并利用任意核苷酸序列的短寡核苷酸引物与聚合酶链反应（PCR）相结合。本文讨论了RAPD在体细胞杂种和有性杂种鉴定中的应用。
