Annable Michael D, Hatfield Kirk, Cho Jaehyun, Klammler Harald, Parker Beth L, Cherry John A, Rao P Suresh C
Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, and Department of Civil Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Sep 15;39(18):7194-201. doi: 10.1021/es050074g.
A new method, passive flux meter (PFM), has been developed and field-tested for simultaneously measuring contaminant and groundwater fluxes in the saturated zone at hazardous waste sites. The PFM approach uses a sorptive permeable medium placed in either a borehole or monitoring well to intercept contaminated groundwater and release "resident" tracers. The sorbent pack is placed in a groundwater flow field for a specified exposure time and then recovered for extraction and analysis. By quantifying the mass fraction of resident tracers lost and the mass of contaminant sorbed, groundwater and contaminant fluxes are calculated. Here, we assessed the performance of PFMs at the Canadian Forces Base Borden field site in Ontario, Canada. Two field tests were conducted under imposed groundwater flow fields: (1) radial flow to a well and (2) linear flow in a test channel confined by sheet pile walls on three sides. Both tests demonstrate that the local fluxes measured by PFM and averaged overthe screen interval were within 15% of imposed groundwaterflow and within 30% of measured contaminant mass flux. Patterns in depth variations in groundwater and contaminant fluxes, determined by the PFM approach, allow for site characterization at a higher spatial resolution. These results support the PMF method as a potential innovative alternative for measuring groundwater and contaminant fluxes in screened wells.
一种新方法——被动通量计（PFM）已被开发出来并在野外进行了测试，用于同时测量危险废物场地饱和带中的污染物通量和地下水流通量。PFM方法使用一种吸附性可渗透介质，将其放置在钻孔或监测井中，以拦截受污染的地下水并释放“驻留”示踪剂。吸附剂包被放置在地下水流场中一段特定的暴露时间，然后回收以进行提取和分析。通过量化损失的驻留示踪剂的质量分数和吸附的污染物质量，计算出地下水流通量和污染物通量。在此，我们评估了PFM在加拿大安大略省博登加拿大军事基地现场的性能。在施加的地下水流场下进行了两项现场测试：（1）向一口井的径向流，以及（2）在一个由三面钢板桩墙限制的测试通道中的线性流。两项测试均表明，通过PFM测量并在筛管间隔内平均的局部通量在施加的地下水流的15%以内，并且在测量的污染物质量通量的30%以内。由PFM方法确定的地下水流通量和污染物通量的深度变化模式，能够以更高的空间分辨率进行场地特征描述。这些结果支持了PFM方法作为一种在筛管井中测量地下水流通量和污染物通量的潜在创新替代方法。
