Lange C, Lampert T
Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2005 Nov;48(11):1256-64. doi: 10.1007/s00103-005-1152-0.
Unemployment has material and psychosocial consequences that can also have an adverse effect on health. According to the Telephone Health Survey 2003, unemployed women and men suffer more frequently from many diseases and complaints. Their assessment of their own state of health is also more negative, and they say more often that their quality of life is restricted by their health. In the case of men, health problems are especially common among the long-term unemployed (>1 year), whereas women can suffer equally (or even more) serious effects on their health as a result of short-term unemployment. On the other hand, the analysis clearly indicates that poor health heightens a person's risk of becoming unemployed. However, no conclusive statement can be made on the direction of causality between unemployment and health, since this requires more longitudinal data.
失业会产生物质和心理社会方面的后果，这些后果也可能对健康产生不利影响。根据2003年电话健康调查，失业的男性和女性更频繁地患有多种疾病和不适。他们对自身健康状况的评估也更消极，并且他们更常表示自己的生活质量受到健康的限制。就男性而言，健康问题在长期失业者（超过1年）中尤为常见，而女性可能因短期失业而对健康遭受同样（甚至更严重）的影响。另一方面，分析清楚地表明，健康状况不佳会增加一个人失业的风险。然而，由于这需要更多纵向数据，所以无法就失业与健康之间因果关系的方向做出确凿的陈述。
