Kroll Lars Eric, Müters Stephan, Lampert Thomas
Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2016 Feb;59(2):228-37. doi: 10.1007/s00103-015-2282-7.
This study analyzes the association of unemployment and health using national and international research data. It is based on data from the 2010 and 2012 German Health Update (GEDA), conducted by the Robert Koch Institute. For our analysis, participants aged from 18 to 64 years were selected if they gave information on their unemployment experiences within the five years prior to the study (n = 31,955). The results show that the self-rated health of the unemployed in Germany is significantly worse compared to the workforce. Additionally, the unemployed suffer from medically diagnosed depression. The association of unemployment and health is more pronounced in men than in women for all major outcomes. When compared to workers of the same age, the unemployed smoke more frequently and do less sports. Regarding alcohol consumption, no systematic relationship was found. While the use of medical screening measures for the early detection of diseases is lower among the unemployed than among the employed, they visit general practitioners and hospitals more often than their counterparts. Overall, our findings suggest that unemployed people should remain an important target group of preventive measures in Germany and that the corresponding measures should be intensified.
本研究利用国内和国际研究数据，分析了失业与健康之间的关联。它基于由罗伯特·科赫研究所开展的2010年和2012年德国健康更新调查（GEDA）的数据。在我们的分析中，选取了年龄在18至64岁之间、在研究前五年内提供了其失业经历信息的参与者（n = 31,955）。结果显示，德国失业者的自评健康状况明显比在职人员差。此外，失业者患有经医学诊断的抑郁症。在所有主要结果方面，失业与健康之间的关联在男性中比在女性中更为明显。与同年龄段的在职人员相比，失业者吸烟更频繁，运动更少。在饮酒方面，未发现系统性关系。虽然失业者中用于疾病早期检测的医学筛查措施的使用率低于在职人员，但他们比在职人员更频繁地拜访全科医生和医院。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，失业者应仍然是德国预防措施的一个重要目标群体，并且相应措施应予以强化。
