Whiteneck G G, Charlifue S W, Gerhart K A, Overholser J D, Richardson G N
Research Department, Craig Hospital, Englewood, CO 80110.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Jun;73(6):519-26.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), handicaps exist when individuals are unable to fulfill expected social roles. Although ameliorating handicaps is one of the prime goals of rehabilitation, its effectiveness in this area is poorly measured and has not been documented empirically. Therefore, the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART) was designed to quantify the extent of handicap in individuals. Using dimensions of handicap identified and described by the WHO, CHART uses measurable, behavioral terms to compare such individuals with the norms of able-bodied members of society. Test-retest, proxies, and independent raters have established the validity and reliability of CHART. Rasch analysis has verified the CHART scaling and scoring procedures. In addition, an initial application of CHART, with a group of 342 spinal cord injured individuals, is described. Beyond demonstrating the instrument's effectiveness in assessing the extent of handicap or social disadvantage, this application, by documenting rehabilitation outcomes, demonstrates the potential usefulness of CHART for program evaluation.
根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的定义，当个体无法履行预期的社会角色时，便存在残疾情况。尽管改善残疾状况是康复的主要目标之一，但在这一领域其效果却难以衡量，也缺乏实证记录。因此，克雷格残疾评估与报告技术（CHART）旨在量化个体的残疾程度。CHART利用WHO所确定和描述的残疾维度，采用可测量的行为术语，将此类个体与健全社会成员的标准进行比较。重测、代理评估和独立评估者已证实了CHART的有效性和可靠性。拉施分析验证了CHART的量表编制和评分程序。此外，还描述了CHART在一组342名脊髓损伤个体中的首次应用。通过记录康复结果，该应用不仅证明了该工具在评估残疾程度或社会劣势方面的有效性，还展示了CHART在项目评估中的潜在用途。
