Donovan Dennis, Mattson Margaret E, Cisler Ron A, Longabaugh Richard, Zweben Allen
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105-4631, USA.
J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 2005 Jul(15):119-39; discussion 92-3. doi: 10.15288/jsas.2005.s15.119.
The present article reviews the literature to date dealing with quality of life (QoL) as it relates to drinking behavior, alcohol use disorders and treatment outcome.
Articles using the term "quality of life" to describe a status or outcome construct for individuals diagnosed with or being treated for alcohol use disorders or that used one or more instruments considered to reflect patients' QoL were identified primarily through Psychological Abstracts, MEDLINE and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's ETOH archival database.
Thirty-six studies, published between 1993 and 2004, met these criteria. Twelve different QoL measures were used. Frequent heavy drinking or episodic heavy drinking (e.g., five or more drinks per occasion) patterns were associated with reduced QoL. Alcoholics had lower levels of QoL compared with general population norms or with other chronic health conditions. This relationship appears to be moderated by a number of sociodemographic and client characteristics, such as age, education, gender and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Alcohol-dependent individuals experience improvements in QoL across treatment and with both short-term and long-term abstinence. Despite these improvements, many alcoholic individuals' QoL is unlikely to equal or exceed that of normative groups. Also, among hazardous and harmful drinkers, achieving and maintaining a marked reduction in drinking, even without complete abstinence, is associated with significant increases in QoL.
QoL represents an important area to consider in assessing individuals with alcohol use disorders and in evaluating alcoholism treatment outcome.
本文回顾了迄今为止与生活质量（QoL）相关的文献，这些文献涉及饮酒行为、酒精使用障碍及治疗结果。
主要通过《心理学文摘》《医学索引在线数据库》和美国国立酒精滥用与酒精中毒研究所的ETOH存档数据库，检索那些使用“生活质量”一词来描述被诊断为酒精使用障碍或正在接受酒精使用障碍治疗的个体的状况或结果结构，或者使用一种或多种被认为能反映患者生活质量的工具的文章。
1993年至2004年间发表的36项研究符合这些标准。使用了12种不同的生活质量测量方法。频繁大量饮酒或间歇性大量饮酒（例如，每次饮用五杯或更多）模式与生活质量下降有关。与一般人群标准或其他慢性健康状况相比，酗酒者的生活质量水平较低。这种关系似乎受到一些社会人口学和患者特征的调节，如年龄、教育程度、性别和并发的精神障碍。酒精依赖个体在治疗过程中以及短期和长期戒酒时，生活质量都会有所改善。尽管有这些改善，但许多酗酒个体的生活质量不太可能达到或超过正常人群的水平。此外，在危险和有害饮酒者中，即使不完全戒酒，实现并维持饮酒量显著减少也与生活质量的显著提高相关。
生活质量是评估酒精使用障碍个体和评价酒精中毒治疗结果时需要考虑的一个重要领域。
