Quandt S A, Arcury T A, Austin C K, Cabrera L F
Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1063, USA.
J Immigr Health. 2001 Apr;3(2):85-96. doi: 10.1023/A:1009513916713.
Pesticide exposure is an occupational health hazard for migrant farmworkers. The US-EPA Worker Protection Standard (WPS) mandates training programs to prevent or reduce exposure. WPS implementation in a local context requires understanding individual, workplace, and community environmental factors that lead to exposure and influence intervention effectiveness. Participatory research within the PRECEDE-PROCEED planning framework was used to design a WPS training program for Mexican farmworkers in North Carolina cucumber and tobacco production. Research with farmworkers, farmers, health care providers, and Cooperative Extension agents identified modifiable behaviors and environmental factors, as well as structural and regulatory barriers requiring intervention. Data were gathered and analyzed through individual and group interviews, community forums, an advisory board, and a partnership between academic researchers and a community-based organization. The intervention's dominant features are (a) focus on key health behaviors, (b) relevance to local conditions, and (c) attention to issues of control in the workplace. Participatory research is effective for designing a health intervention where diverse social, cultural, political, and regulatory issues affect farmworkers' risk of exposure.
接触农药对流动农场工人来说是一种职业健康危害。美国环境保护局的《工人保护标准》（WPS）规定了预防或减少接触的培训项目。在当地实施WPS需要了解导致接触并影响干预效果的个人、工作场所和社区环境因素。在“教育诊断与评价-计划执行”（PRECEDE-PROCEED）规划框架内开展的参与式研究，被用于为北卡罗来纳州黄瓜和烟草种植中的墨西哥农场工人设计一个WPS培训项目。对农场工人、农民、医疗服务提供者和合作推广机构人员的研究，确定了可改变的行为和环境因素，以及需要干预的结构和监管障碍。通过个人和小组访谈、社区论坛、咨询委员会以及学术研究人员与一个社区组织之间的合作关系收集并分析了数据。该干预措施的主要特点是：（a）关注关键健康行为；（b）与当地情况相关；（c）关注工作场所的控制问题。在各种社会、文化、政治和监管问题影响农场工人接触风险的情况下，参与式研究对于设计健康干预措施是有效的。
